External validation of a deep learning model for predicting bone mineral density on chest radiographs.

Unlabelled: We developed a new model for predicting bone mineral density on chest radiographs and externally validated it using images captured at facilities other than the development environment. The model performed well and showed potential for clinical use.

Purpose: In this study, we performed external validation (EV) of a developed deep learning model for predicting bone mineral density (BMD) of femoral neck on chest radiographs to verify the usefulness of this model in clinical practice.

Detection of Sacral Fractures on Radiographs Using Artificial Intelligence.

Unlabelled: Sacral fractures are often difficult to diagnose on radiographs. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can improve the detection rate but cannot always be performed. The accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) in detecting orthopaedic fractures is now comparable with that of orthopaedic specialists.

Distribution of hounsfield unit values in the pelvic bones: a comparison between young men and women with traumatic fractures and older men and women with fragility fractures: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The fixation strength of bone screws depends on bone mineral density (BMD), so it is important to evaluate bone strength at fracture sites. Few studies have investigated BMD in the pelvis. The aims of this study were to measure the regional Hounsfield unit (HU) values in the cancellous bone of the acetabulum and pelvic ring and to compare these values between young and older patients.

Factors affecting spine-femur discordance in the percentage of young adult mean on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the elderly population: a retrospective study.

Background: Several retrospective studies have reported spine-femur discordance in bone mineral density (BMD) values. However, the average age of individuals in these studies was the mid-50s, which is younger than the typical age of individuals requiring treatment for primary osteoporosis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate factors associated with discordance in the percentage of young adult mean (YAM) between the lumbar spine and femoral neck in the elderly population.

Acute Compartment Syndrome of the Upper Extremity in Acquired Hemophilia A: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Case: Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) with acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is rare and has no established treatment strategy. A 64-year-old woman presented with a giant hematoma in the rectus abdominis. Laboratory findings included decreased hemoglobin and increased activated partial thromboplastin time.

Local application of alendronate controls bone formation and β-tricalcium phosphate resorption induced by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2.

This study examined the ability of local alendronate (ALN) administration to control β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) resorption as well as the induction of bone formation by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). A 15-mm critical-sized bone defect was created in the diaphysis of rabbit ulnae. Nine female rabbits (4 to 5 months-old) were divided into 3 groups.

Effects of micro-porosity and local BMP-2 administration on bioresorption of β-TCP and new bone formation.

Background: It has been reported that the microporous structure of calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics is important to osteoconduction. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) has been shown to be a promising alternative to bone grafting and a therapeutic agent promoting bone regeneration when delivered locally. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of micro-porosity within beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) cylinders and local BMP-2 administration on β-TCP resorption and new bone formation.