Prussian blue nanoparticles protected by the water-soluble pi-conjugated polymer PEDOT-S: synthesis and multiple-color pH-sensing with a redox reaction.

Prussian blue nanoparticles (PB NPs), stabilized for the first time by the pi-conjugated polymer poly(4-(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-2yl-methoxy-1-butanesulfonic acid, potassium salt) (PEDOT-S), demonstrated a novel multiple-color pH-sensing function with a redox reaction based on the electronic interaction between the PB nano-core and the PEDOT-S shell.

High-level production of yeast (Schwanniomyces occidentalis) phytase in transgenic rice plants by a combination of signal sequence and codon modification of the phytase gene.

This study was designed to produce yeast (Schwanniomyces occidentalis) phytase in rice with a view to future applications in the animal feed industry. To achieve high-level production, chimeric genes with the secretory signal sequence of the rice chitinase-3 gene were constructed using either the original full-length or N-truncated yeast phytase gene, or a modified gene whose codon usage was changed to be more similar to that of rice, and then introduced into rice (Oryza sativa L.).