[Fundamental Study of Three-dimensional Fast Spin-echo Imaging with Spoiled Equilibrium Pulse].

Three-dimensional fast spin-echo (3D FSE) imaging with variable refocusing flip angle has been recently applied to pre- or post-enhanced T-weighted imaging. To reduce the acquisition time, this sequence requires higher echo train length (ETL), which potentially causes decreased T contrast. Spoiled equilibrium (SpE) pulse consists of a resonant +90° radiofrequency (RF) pulse and is applied at the end of the echo train.

Resection of lung metastasis from gallbladder carcinoma: immunohistochemistry of RCAS1 and CD8+T cells in primary and metastatic tumors.

Advanced Gallbladder cancer has an extremely poor prognosis. We examined a patient with resectable gallbladder cancer with associated lung metastasis. A 64-year-old female patient, diagnosed with gallbladder cancer and a solitary benign lung tumor by imaging, was subjected to extensive cholecystectomy and extrahepatic bile duct resection.