Evaluation of ABCG2-mediated extra-renal urate excretion in hemodialysis patients.

Two-thirds of urate is excreted via the renal pathway and the remaining one-third via the extra-renal pathway, the latter mainly via the intestine in healthy individuals. ABCG2, a urate exporter, is expressed in various tissues including the kidney and intestine, and its dysfunction leads to hyperuricemia and gout. ABCG2 is regarded as being responsible for most of the extra-renal urate excretion.

Uphill Accumulation of Ionic Species into a Lipid Vesicle by the Concentration Gradient of Counter Ions.

The "uphill (against the concentration gradient)" accumulation of a hydrophobic cation (rhodamine 6G, R6G) into the inner phase of a giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) was realized with the concentration gradient of the counter anion (X = ClO, BF, or Br) in the presence of phosphate buffer (P, pH = 7) in the inner and outer phase of the GUV and detected as the increase of the R6G fluorescence intensity in the inner phase using a confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscope. The addition of X in the outer phase of the GUV caused the accumulation of R6G in the inner phase. The degree and kinetics of the accumulation were dependent on the concentration and type of X; e.

A Survey on the Current Status of Ophthalmological Consultations in Patients With Diabetes Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis and the Effectiveness of Education on Consultation Behavior -Experience of a Single Hemodialysis Clinic in Japan.

Introduction: It is extremely important for patients with diabetes undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) to receive regular ophthalmologic examinations. However, even in the field of MHD in Japan, where there are many hemodialysis patients and the survival rate is said to be one of the highest in the world, we often see patients with diabetes who do not receive regular ophthalmologic examinations. In this study, we surveyed the status of ophthalmology consultations and the use of diabetic eye notebook (DEN) among hemodialysis patients with diabetes at hemodialysis clinics to confirm the current situation, with the aim of confirming the effectiveness of education on consultation behavior by medical care staff.

Distribution of ion pairs into a bilayer lipid membrane and its effect on the ionic permeability.

This work reports the distribution constant of a target ion and a counter-ion between an aqueous phase and an artificial bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) and its influence to the ionic permeability through a BLM. A theoretical formula for ionic permeability through a BLM based on the distribution of the target ion and the counter-ion is also proposed and validated by analyzing the flux of a fluorescent cation [rhodamine 6G (R6G)] through the BLM in the presence of counter-ions (X = Br, BF, and ClO). The transmembrane flux was evaluated by simultaneous measurement of the transmembrane current density and the transmembrane fluorescence intensity as a function of the membrane potential.

Assessment of the accuracy of an intermittent-scanning continuous glucose monitoring device in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing hemodialysis (AIDT2H) study.

FreeStyle Libre has been approved for use in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) in Japan, unlike Europe and the United States; however, evidence regarding its accuracy in such patients is sparse. Forty-one participants with type 2 diabetes undergoing HD were recruited. The overall mean absolute relative difference and mean absolute difference were 23.

Favorable Effect on Blood Volume Control in Hemodialysis Patients with Type 2 Diabetes after Switching from Insulin Therapy to Liraglutide, a Human Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Analog--Results from a Pilot Study in Japan-.

Objective: Hemodialysis patients are advised to limit the intake of foods in order to control volume status and body weight (BW). We report the clinical course of five Japanese hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were switched from insulin to liraglutide, and the efficacy of the treatment, especially in terms of changes in interdialysis weight gain (IDWG).

Methods: This retrospective pilot study included 5 Japanese hemodialysis patients with T2DM.