Adolescents' Well-being While Using a Mobile Artificial Intelligence-Powered Acceptance Commitment Therapy Tool: Evidence From a Longitudinal Study.

Background: Adolescence is a critical developmental period to prevent and treat the emergence of mental health problems. Smartphone-based conversational agents can deliver psychologically driven intervention and support, thus increasing psychological well-being over time.

Objective: The objective of the study was to test the potential of an automated conversational agent named Kai.

Improving Well-being With a Mobile Artificial Intelligence-Powered Acceptance Commitment Therapy Tool: Pragmatic Retrospective Study.

Background: Research and dissemination of smartphone apps to deliver coaching and psychological driven intervention had seen a great surge in recent years. Notably, Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) protocols were shown to be uniquely effective in treating symptoms for both depression and anxiety when delivered through smartphone apps. The aim of this study is to expand on that work and test the suitability of artificial intelligence-driven interventions delivered directly through popular texting apps.

The neural networks underlying reappraisal of empathy for pain.

Emotion regulation plays a central role in empathy. Only by successfully regulating our own emotions can we reliably use them in order to interpret the content and valence of others' emotions correctly. In an functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-based experiment, we show that regulating one's emotion via reappraisal modulated biased emotional intensity ratings following an empathy for pain manipulation.

Peptide Deformylase (def) is essential in Mycobacterium smegmatis, but the essentiality is compensated by inactivation of methionine formylation.

Background: Co-translational processes in bacteria are attractive drug targets, but while some processes are essential, others are not. The essentiality of Peptide Deformylase (PDF, def) for vitality of mycobacteria was speculated, but never unequivocally proven.

Results: Here we show by targeted deletion experiments that def can only be deleted from M.

Green Breast Milk Following Ingestion of Blue-Green Algae: A Case Report.

Breast milk is an excellent nutritional source for newborns, and a change in its color can be alarming to both mother and physician, and may prevent breastfeeding. Different colors of breast milk have been reported such as blood-stained, blue, and bluish-green. We present the first case of green breast milk caused by maternal ingestion of blue-green algae pills immediately before and after delivery.

The impact of empathy and reappraisal on emotional intensity recognition.

Empathy represents a fundamental ability that allows for the creation and cultivation of social bonds. As part of the empathic process, individuals use their own emotional state to interpret the content and intensity of other people's emotions. Therefore, the current study was designed to test two hypotheses: (1) empathy for the pain of another will result in biased emotional intensity judgment; and (2) changing one's emotion via emotion regulation will modulate these biased judgments.

The modern search for the Holy Grail: is neuroscience a solution?

Neuroscience has become prevalent in recent years; nevertheless, its value in the examination of psychological and philosophical phenomena is still a matter of debate. The examples reviewed here suggest that neuroscientific tools can be significant in the investigation of such complex phenomena. In this article, we argue that it is important to study concepts that do not have a clear characterization and emphasize the role of neuroscience in this quest for knowledge.

Increased upper airway cytokines and oxidative stress in severe obstructive sleep apnoea.

Inflammation may contribute to upper airway pathophysiology in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Our objective was to compare upper airway pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, oxidative stress and connective tissue deposition in severe (n = 25) versus mild (n = 17) OSA patients. Upper airway surgical specimens were separated by predominance of either mucosal or muscle tissue.

Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea in severe versus moderate asthma.

Background: Previous studies have suggested a link between obstructive sleep apnea and poor asthma control, which may be mediated through airway inflammation, obesity, and other mechanisms.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that the prevalence and severity of sleep apnea is greater among patients with severe compared with moderate asthma and controls without asthma.

Methods: Complete overnight home polysomnography was performed in 26 patients with severe asthma consecutively recruited to a difficult asthma program, 26 patients with moderate asthma, and 26 controls without asthma of similar age and body mass index.

Laryngeal inflammation assessed using the reflux finding score in obstructive sleep apnea.

Objectives: To evaluate the relationships between laryngeal inflammation assessed using the Reflux Finding Score (RFS), laryngeal sensory function, and apnea severity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods: Endoscopic sensory testing (EST) was performed with subsequent blinded scoring from video of RFS. An RFS>7 was indicative of increased inflammatory change.

High prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea among patients with head and neck cancer.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx scheduled for primary surgical resection. To correlate the presence of OSA and the occurrence of postoperative morbidities in this patient population.

Methods: This was a prospective study involving 17 patients with malignancies of the oral cavity and oropharynx scheduled for primary surgical resection.

Laryngeal and velopharyngeal sensory impairment in obstructive sleep apnea.

Study Objective: To determine whether mucosal sensory dysfunction is present at multiple upper-airway sites in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Design: Physiologic testing of consecutive patients with OSA and nonsnoring controls.

Setting: University hospital sleep center.

Risk factors for intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight premature infants: a retrospective case-control study.

Objective: High-grade intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is an important cause of severe cognitive and motor neurologic impairment in very low birth weight infants and is associated with a high mortality rate. The risk of IVH is inversely related to gestational age and birth weight. Previous studies have proposed a number of risk factors for IVH; however, lack of adequate matching for gestational age and birth weight may have confounded the results.

Comparative outcome study between triplet and singleton preterm newborns.

Aim: To evaluate the outcome of triplet versus singleton preterm newborns.

Methods: The study population included 64 sets of preterm triplet (gestational age 25-34 wk) and 64 singleton controls. Data on prenatal and perinatal findings, neonatal complications, duration of hospitalization, and neonatal mortality were collected by chart review.

Early postnatal dexamethasone treatment and increased incidence of cerebral palsy.

Objective: To study the long term neurodevelopmental outcome of children who participated in a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study of early postnatal dexamethasone treatment for prevention of chronic lung disease.

Methods: The original study compared a three day course of dexamethasone (n = 132) with a saline placebo (n = 116) administered from before 12 hours of age in preterm infants, who were ventilated for respiratory distress syndrome and had received surfactant treatment. Dexamethasone treatment was associated with an increased incidence of hypertension, hyperglycaemia, and gastrointestinal haemorrhage and no reduction in either the incidence or severity of chronic lung disease or mortality.

Retinopathy of prematurity and surfactant treatment.

Purpose: Surfactant therapy in premature infants has reduced the severity of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), thus leading to a reduction in mortality. However, the anticipated effect of surfactant therapy on the incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is ambiguous. The acute rise in PaO2 and the increased survival of low-birth-weight infants may augment the risk of ROP, whereas their improved health and respiratory status may lower it.

Late diagnosis of Down syndrome due to incorrect cytogenetic diagnosis and extreme prematurity.

A 26-week gestation, premature neonate who developed a transient myeloproliferative disorder is presented. The morphological features of Down syndrome were not obvious at this gestational age, and the cytogenetic studies gave a misleading normal karyotype after the infant received non-irradiated blood. The diagnosis of Down syndrome was not made until 27 weeks after delivery.

Are bilirubin and plasma lipid profiles of premature infants dependent on the lipid emulsion infused?

The effect of a lipid emulsion containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT) and supplemented with L-carnitine on plasma lipids and bilirubin in premature neonates on total parenteral nutrition was compared to that of lipid emulsions containing either LCT or a mixture of LCT and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT). In a double-blind randomized study 49 premature neonates received one of the three fat emulsions, given intravenously, over 16-20 h daily for 6 days. Plasma carnitine levels increased significantly in the supplemented group only; the addition of carnitine did not seem to affect any of the parameters studied.

Effect of three intravenously administered fat emulsions containing different concentrations of fatty acids on the plasma fatty acid composition of premature infants.

The effects of an intravenously administered lipid emulsion supplemented with gamma-linolenic acid on the fatty acid profile of premature infants were compared with those of two conventional lipid emulsions. Fifty-nine premature neonates receiving total parenteral nutrition were randomly assigned to receive either fat emulsion containing gamma-linolenic acid and long-chain triglycerides (LCT), an LCT emulsion, or a 50% (wt/wt) mixture of medium-chain triglycerides and LCT emulsion. Forty-nine infants completed the study.

Hemophilia B in a neonate: unusual early spontaneous gastrointestinal bleeding.

A full-term male, healthy newborn infant suddenly developed melena and rectal fresh blood oozing at age of 4 days. He is the second patient described in the literature presenting a spontaneous gastrointestinal bleeding in the neonatal period as the first clinical manifestation of hemophilia B. The early appearance and severity of the hemorrhage, its short duration, and good response to Factor IX (inefficiency of vitamin K) was the characteristics of the affected neonate.