U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2024.

The 2024 U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use (U.

U.S. Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use, 2024.

The 2024 U.S. Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use (U.

Claims for Contraceptive Services and Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Testing Among Insured Adolescent and Young Adult Females in the United States.

To examine claims for reversible prescription contraceptives and chlamydia and gonorrhea testing among commercially and Medicaid-insured adolescent and young adult (AYA) females in the United States. Using IBM MarketScan Research Databases, we identified sexually active, nonpregnant AYA (15- to 24-year-old) females enrolled in 2018. We examined claims for reversible prescription contraceptives and chlamydia and gonorrhea testing, using drug names and diagnosis/procedure codes, by age-group in commercially and Medicaid-insured separately and by race/ethnicity in Medicaid-insured.

Public health priorities for gastroschisis: Summary of a meeting sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the March of Dimes.

Background: Gastroschisis has increased worldwide over several decades; however, there are significant gaps in understanding risk factors for development of the defect, particularly those that might be modifiable. Despite advances in survival, little is known about longer-term outcomes for affected individuals.

Methods: On April 27- and 28, 2023, the National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and March of Dimes sponsored a meeting entitled "Public Health Priorities for Gastroschisis".

Safety and Effectiveness of Maternal COVID-19 Vaccines Among Pregnant People and Infants.

Evidence has consistently demonstrated that COVID-19 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines are safe when given during pregnancy. COVID-19 mRNA vaccines protect pregnant people and their infants who are too young to receive COVID-19 vaccines. Although generally protective, monovalent vaccine effectiveness was lower during SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant predominance, in part due to changes in the Omicron spike protein.

Reproductive Health of Women with Congenital Heart Defects.

This report provides an overview of the unique reproductive health issues facing women with congenital heart defects (CHDs) and of the clinical care and professional guidelines on contraception, preconception care, and pregnancy for this population. It describes Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) activities related to surveillance of reproductive health issues among females with CHDs. It also describes CDC's work bringing awareness to physicians who provide care to adolescents and women with CHDs, including obstetrician/gynecologists, about the need for lifelong cardiology care for their patients with CHDs.

Case Series of Thrombosis With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome After COVID-19 Vaccination-United States, December 2020 to August 2021.

Background: Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) is a potentially life-threatening condition associated with adenoviral-vectored COVID-19 vaccination. It presents similarly to spontaneous heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Twelve cases of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis after vaccination with the Ad26.

Use of COVID-19 Vaccines After Reports of Adverse Events Among Adult Recipients of Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) and mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna): Update from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, July 2021.

In December 2020, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) for Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines, and in February 2021, FDA issued an EUA for the Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) COVID-19 vaccine. After each EUA, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) issued interim recommendations for vaccine use; currently Pfizer-BioNTech is authorized and recommended for persons aged ≥12 years and Moderna and Janssen for persons aged ≥18 years (1-3). Both Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, administered as 2-dose series, are mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, whereas the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine, administered as a single dose, is a recombinant replication-incompetent adenovirus-vector vaccine.

Venlafaxine prescription claims among insured women of reproductive age and pregnant women, 2011-2016.

Background: Some studies have reported associations between prenatal use of venlafaxine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor used for depressive and anxiety disorders, and some birth defects. We described the prevalence of venlafaxine prescription claims among privately insured women of reproductive age and pregnant women.

Methods: Venlafaxine prescription claims were examined using the IBM MarketScan Commercial Databases.

Required examinations and tests before initiating contraception: Provider practices from a national cross-sectional survey.

Objective(s): We estimated the prevalence of requiring specific examinations or tests before providing contraception in a nationwide survey of family planning providers.

Study Design: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of public-sector health centers and office-based physicians providing family planning services across the United States in 2019 (n = 1395). We estimated the weighted proportion of providers (or their health center or practice) who required blood pressure measurement, pelvic examination (bimanual examination and cervical inspection), Papanicolaou (Pap) smear, clinical breast examination (CBE), and chlamydia and gonorrhea (CT/GC) screening before initiating hormonal or intrauterine contraception (IUC) for healthy women.

Evaluating the Association of Stillbirths After Maternal Vaccination in the Vaccine Safety Datalink.

Objective: To evaluate whether the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended influenza and tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccinations in pregnancy are associated with increased risk of stillbirth.

Methods: We performed a case-control study in the Vaccine Safety Datalink that was matched 1:4 on site, month, and year of last menstrual period, comparing the odds of vaccination in pregnancies that ended in stillbirth (defined as fetal loss at or after 20 weeks of gestation) compared with those that ended in live birth from January 1, 2012, to September 30, 2015. We included patients with singleton pregnancies that ended in stillbirth or live birth who had at least one prenatal care visit, pregnancy dating information, and continuous health plan enrollment for the duration of pregnancy.

Adverse Pregnancy Conditions Among Privately Insured Women With and Without Congenital Heart Defects.

Background In women with congenital heart defects (CHD), changes in blood volume, heart rate, respiration, and edema during pregnancy may lead to increased risk of adverse outcomes and conditions. The American Heart Association recommends providers of pregnant women with CHD assess cardiac health and discuss risks and benefits of cardiac-related medications. We described receipt of American Heart Association-recommended cardiac evaluations, filled potentially teratogenic or fetotoxic (Food and Drug Administration pregnancy category D/X) cardiac-related prescriptions, and adverse conditions among pregnant women with CHD compared with those without CHD.

Physician and clinic staff attitudes and practices during implementation of the Zika Contraception Access Network.

Objective: The Zika Contraception Access Network (Z-CAN) provided women in Puerto Rico access to contraceptive counseling and the full range of reversible contraceptive methods, on the same day and at no cost, during the Zika virus outbreak. Because trained physicians and clinic staff were crucial to the program, we aimed to assess the implementation of and satisfaction with Z-CAN from their perspectives.

Study Design: Physicians and clinic staff in the Z-CAN program participated in an online survey on program implementation (e.

Update to U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2016: Updated Recommendations for the Use of Contraception Among Women at High Risk for HIV Infection.

"U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use" (U.

Expulsion of intrauterine devices after postpartum placement by timing of placement, delivery type, and intrauterine device type: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To provide updated and more detailed pooled intrauterine device expulsion rates and expulsion risk estimates among women with postpartum intrauterine device placement by timing of insertion, delivery type, and intrauterine device type to inform current intrauterine device insertion practices in the United States.

Data Sources: We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov through June 2019.

Contraceptive methods of privately insured US women with congenital heart defects.

Background: The American Heart Association recommends women with congenital heart defects (CHD) receive contraceptive counseling early in their reproductive years, but little is known about contraceptive method use among women with CHD. We describe recent female sterilization and reversible prescription contraceptive method use by presence of CHD and CHD severity in 2014.

Methods: Using IBM MarketScan Commercial Databases, we included women aged 15 to 44 years with prescription drug coverage in 2014 who were enrolled ≥11 months annually in employer-sponsored health plans between 2011 and 2014.

Intimate Partner Violence around the Time of Pregnancy and Postpartum Contraceptive Use.

Objectives: We sought to examine postpartum contraceptive use among women who reported physical intimate partner violence (IPV) during or within 12 months before pregnancy compared with women who did not report physical IPV and to identify factors associated with nonuse of contraception among women who reported physical IPV.

Methods: Data were obtained from women with a recent live birth from 2012 to 2015 who participated in the Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System. We described characteristics of women and postpartum contraceptive use by method effectiveness (most effective [female sterilization, male sterilization, intrauterine device, implant], moderately effective [injectable, pill, patch, ring], less effective [condoms, natural family planning, withdrawal, other]) or no method, stratified by reported physical IPV.

Description and comparison of postpartum use of effective contraception among women with and without diabetes.

Objective: As diabetes is increasing among women of reproductive age in the United States, access to effective contraception is important to allow time for optimal glycemic control which may mitigate complications in future pregnancies. This study sought to describe contraceptive use and compare the effectiveness of contraceptive methods among postpartum women with and without diabetes.

Study Design: This study used data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System and included women with recent live births during 2012-2015 (N = 93,574).

Health Care Provider Attitudes Toward Safety of Selected Hormonal Contraceptives in Breastfeeding Women.

Objectives: Little is known about provider attitudes regarding safety of selected hormonal contraceptives among breastfeeding women.

Methods: Using a nationwide survey, associations were analyzed between provider characteristics and perception of safety of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) in breastfeeding women ≥ 1 month postpartum without other venous thrombosis risk factors and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) in breastfeeding women < 1 month postpartum and ≥ 1 month postpartum.

Results: Approximately 68% of public-sector providers considered COCs safe for breastfeeding women ≥ 1 month postpartum without other venous thrombosis risk factors, with lower odds among non-physicians versus physicians (adjusted odds ratios [aOR] range 0.

Factors associated with postpartum use of long-acting reversible contraception.

Background: Contraception use among postpartum women is important to prevent unintended pregnancies and optimize birth spacing. Long-acting reversible contraception, including intrauterine devices and implants, is highly effective, yet compared to less effective methods utilization rates are low.

Objectives: We sought to estimate prevalence of long-acting reversible contraception use among postpartum women and examine factors associated with long-acting reversible contraception use among those using any reversible contraception.