Bringing resilience together: On the co-evolutionary capacities of boundary organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Rotterdam.

For a city to maintain its vitality during a crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic, social resilience is pivotal. It is a manifestation of adaptive and transformative capacities in a city, through a multitude of interactions between initiatives and organizations, including local government. Resilience can take many forms: coping, adaptive, transformative; community-based, organizational, and institutional.