Novel Case of Multifocal Choroiditis following Powassan Virus Infection.

Purpose: To present a case study that describes novel ocular manifestations of Powassan virus encephalitis using fundus imaging.

Study Design: Case Report.

Results: In this case study, fundus photographs, fundus autofluorescence, and fluorescein angiography were used to highlight Powassan virus-induced multifocal choroiditis with linear streaks.

Initial Occurrence of Bilateral Anterior Uveitis in a Patient with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis following Discontinuation of Topical Steroids after Bilateral Strabismus Surgery.

Post-operative inflammation is a well-known complication of intraocular surgery. This is especially true in patients with a prior history of uveitis or with a predisposition for an inflammatory response. We report the first published case of a patient who developed bilateral anterior uveitis after bilateral strabismus surgery.

MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF IGG4-RELATED PAPILLITIS AND RETINAL DISEASE.

Purpose: To report a case of IgG4-related ophthalmic disease, which presented with papillitis and subretinal deposits.

Methods: Observational case report with multimodal imaging.

Results: A 52-year-old man with a history of persistent lymphadenopathy presented with decreased vision in his left eye.

TUBERCULOUS CHOROIDITIS IN PATIENT WITH VOGT-KOYANAGI-HARADA DISEASE.

Purpose: To describe a novel case of intraocular tuberculosis (TB) arising in a patient undergoing treatment for Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, and to highlight the use of spectral domain optical coherence tomography for helping confirm the diagnosis and monitor treatment response.

Methods: Case report of a patient with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease on prednisone, with acute clinical changes suspicious for bilateral tuberculous choroiditis. Spectral optical coherence tomography, fundus photography, and B-scan ultrasonography were all used to capture the acute lesions, and to monitor their responses after initiation of anti-TB therapy.

TREATMENT OF REFRACTORY TUBERCULAR SERPIGINOUS-LIKE CHOROIDITIS WITH INTRAVITREAL METHOTREXATE.

Purpose: To describe a case of tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis that progressed, despite antitubercular medication, corticosteroids, and immunomodulatory treatment, which ultimately quieted after two intravitreal methotrexate injections.

Methods: Case report.

Results: A 35-year-old woman reported a shadow in the left eye for 2 weeks.

Nab-paclitaxel-induced cystoid macular edema in a patient with pre-existing optic neuropathy.

Paclitaxel is a widely used chemotherapy agent that has rarely been associated with ophthalmic toxicities. Cystoid macular edema is one such rare side effect of paclitaxel therapy. Its pathophysiology remains poorly understood.

EXPANDED CLINICAL SPECTRUM OF MULTIPLE EVANESCENT WHITE DOT SYNDROME WITH MULTIMODAL IMAGING.

Purpose: To evaluate and characterize multiple evanescent white dot syndrome abnormalities with modern multimodal imaging modalities.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography, enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography, short-wavelength autofluorescence, and near-infrared autofluorescence.

Results: Thirty-four multiple evanescent white dot syndrome patients with mean age of 28.

Adaptive optics imaging of cone mosaic abnormalities in acute macular neuroretinopathy.

Background And Objective: To assess the cone photoreceptor mosaic in acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) using adaptive optics (AO) imaging.

Patients And Methods: Four patients with AMN were evaluated retrospectively by near-infrared reflectance (IR) confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and a flood-illuminated retinal AO camera. Microperimetry was performed in one patient.

Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of Presumed Sarcoid Retinal and Optic Nerve Nodules.

Purpose: To characterize nodular lesions of the retina and optic nerve with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in patients with sarcoidosis.

Methods: This is a retrospective series of 6 eyes from 5 patients with an established diagnosis of sarcoidosis, with clinically detected nodules of the optic nerve or retina. All lesions were imaged with fundus photography and SD-OCT on presentation, and followed with serial imaging after treatment with corticosteroids and/or immunomodulatory therapy.

Success with single-agent immunosuppression for multifocal choroidopathies.

Purpose: To evaluate the success of single-agent immunosuppression for patients with the posterior uveitides, birdshot chorioretinitis, multifocal choroiditis with panuveitis, and punctate inner choroiditis.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: setting: Tertiary care uveitis practices.

Paracentral acute middle maculopathy: a new variant of acute macular neuroretinopathy associated with retinal capillary ischemia.

Importance: With the advent of more sophisticated imaging systems, such as spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), disruption of the inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) band, and thinning of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) have been identified in association with acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN).

Objectives: To characterize a new SD-OCT presentation of AMN as a paracentral acute middle maculopathy and to describe multimodal imaging findings that implicate an underlying pathogenesis related to retinal capillary ischemia.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Retrospective observational case series (January 1, 2012, to January 1, 2013) reviewing clinical and imaging data from 9 patients (11 eyes) with AMN at 6 tertiary referral centers.

Outer retinal tubulation in degenerative retinal disorders.

Purpose: To demonstrate outer retinal tubulation (ORT) in various degenerative retinal disorders.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of the multimodal imaging of 29 eyes of 15 patients with various retinal dystrophies and inflammatory maculopathies manifesting ORT. The morphologic features of ORT and its evolution over time were analyzed using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography data.

State-dependent conformations of the translocation pathway in the tyrosine transporter Tyt1, a novel neurotransmitter:sodium symporter from Fusobacterium nucleatum.

The gene of a novel prokaryotic member (Tyt1) of the neurotransmitter:sodium symporter (NSS) family has been cloned from Fusobacterium nucleatum. In contrast to eukaryotic and some prokaryotic NSSs, which contain 12 transmembrane domains (TMs), Tyt1 contains only 11 TMs, a characteristic shared by approximately 70% of prokaryotic NSS homologues. Nonetheless upon heterologous expression in an engineered Escherichia coli host, Tyt1 catalyzes robust Na+-dependent, highly selective l-tyrosine transport.

Probing conformational changes in neurotransmitter transporters: a structural context.

The Na+/Cl-dependent neurotransmitter transporters, a family of proteins responsible for the reuptake of neurotransmitters and other small molecules from the synaptic cleft, have been the focus of intensive research in recent years. The biogenic amine transporters, a subset of this larger family, are especially intriguing as they are the targets for many psychoactive compounds, including cocaine and amphetamines, as well as many antidepressants. In the absence of a high-resolution structure for any transporter in this family, research into the structure-function relationships of these transporters has relied on analysis of the effects of site-directed mutagenesis as well as of chemical modification of reactive residues.

Characterization of a functional bacterial homologue of sodium-dependent neurotransmitter transporters.

The tnaT gene of Symbiobacterium thermophilum encodes a protein homologous to sodium-dependent neurotransmitter transporters. Expression of the tnaT gene product in Escherichia coli conferred the ability to accumulate tryptophan from the medium and the ability to grow on tryptophan as a sole source of carbon. Transport was Na(+)-dependent and highly selective.

Efficient Synthesis of Functionalized [7]Helicenes.

[7]Helicenebisquinones can be made easily and in quantity by reacting the silyl enol ethers of a 9,10-dialkoxy-, or better a 9,10-disiloxy-, 3,6-diacetylphenanthrene, with p-benzoquinone. If an ethyl enol ether is used in place of the silyl enol ether, the transformation proceeds in much lower yield. The [7]helicenes are efficiently resolved into their enantiomers, and absolute configurations are assigned.