Nitrate and Nitrite Concentrations in Fingertip Serum Following Beetroot Juice Ingestion Correlate with Those in Venous Plasma.

Dietary nitrate (NO) supplementation can offer health benefit and improve exercise performance by increasing nitric oxide (NO) through NO-nitrite (NO)-NO pathway. Individuals may benefit from dietary NO supplementation by monitoring blood [NO] and [NO], although a simple and practical method for assessing blood [NO] and [NO] has not been established. We examined whether fingertip serum samples could substitute for venous plasma samples in assessing [NO] and [NO].

Associations among motor competence, health-related fitness, and physical activity in children: A comparison of gold standard and field-based measures.

This study compared the associations among motor competence, health-related fitness, and physical activity measured by gold standard and field-based methods in children. A total of 248 first-grade children (153 boys) aged 6-7 years participated in the study. Motor competence was assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development, Second Edition (TGMD -2).

Individually optimized estimation of energy expenditure in rescue workers using a tri-axial accelerometer and heart rate monitor.

This study aimed to provide an improved energy expenditure estimation for heavy-load physical labor using accelerometer data and heart rate (HR) measured by wearables and to support food preparation and supply management for disaster relief and rescue operations as an expedition team. To achieve an individually optimized estimation for energy expenditure, a model equation parameter was determined based on the measurements of physical activity and HR during simulated rescue operations. The metabolic equivalent of task (MET), which was measured by using a tri-axial accelerometer and individual HR, was used, where two (minimum and maximum) or three (minimum, intermediate, and maximum) representative reference points were selected for each individual model fitting.

Blood Glucose Levels during Decathlon Competition: An Observational Study in Timing of Intake and Competing Time.

During a men's decathlon, a combined event conducted over two consecutive days, fluctuations in blood glucose were measured using flash glucose monitoring. Because decathletes repeatedly intake and exercise, high and low blood glucose levels are observed, but the actual conditions have not yet been clarified. Low blood glucose levels (<80 mg/dL) were observed in nine athletes, while high blood glucose levels (>139 mg/dL) were observed in all athletes at least once during the competition days.

Self-Efficacy of Parents of Boys in Sports Clubs on Meal Preparation and Boys' Dietary Intake: A Cross-Sectional Study of Soccer Clubs.

This study examined the relationship between parents' self-efficacy for preparing meals combining the five food groups (grains, fish and meat, vegetables, milk, and fruits) and the dietary intake of their children who were elementary and junior high school students belonging to a sports club. A total of 365 children completed a self-reported dietary intake form, and their parents completed a questionnaire on self-efficacy for preparing meals combining the five food groups. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between the children's intake of the combined five food groups and parents' self-efficacy score, with frequency of meals combining the five food groups as the dependent variable and the self-efficacy score as the independent variable.

Association between Dietary Consumption of Meals Combining the Five Food Groups and Stage of Change in the Fifth and Sixth Elementary and Junior High School-Aged Children in Sports Clubs: A Cross-Sectional Research at Soccer Clubs.

This study examined the relationship between dietary intake and stage of change for "combining the five food groups" (grains, fish and meat, vegetables, milk, and fruits) and examined characteristics of dietary intake by stage of change among fifth and sixth graders in elementary and junior high school in sports clubs. The 395 children who completed the self-reported dietary consumption form and questionnaire on stage of change for combining the five food groups were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the relationship between intake of the combined five food groups and stage of change, with frequency of the five meals as dependent variable and stage of change as independent variable.

Running exercise and food restriction affect bone chemical properties in young female rats.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of a combination of running and food restriction on the chemical properties of the bone in young female rats using Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, we investigated whether the chemical property parameters correlated with the bone-breaking strength.

Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats (7 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups: sedentary and ad libitum feeding (SED, n = 8), voluntary running exercise and ad libitum feeding (EX, n = 8), sedentary and 30% food-restricted (SED-FR, n = 8), and voluntary running exercise and 30% food-restricted (EXFR, n = 8).

The bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) international database: aims, scope, and call for data.

Background: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a technique widely used for estimating body composition and health-related parameters. The technology is relatively simple, quick, and non-invasive, and is currently used globally in diverse settings, including private clinicians' offices, sports and health clubs, and hospitals, and across a spectrum of age, body weight, and disease states. BIA parameters can be used to estimate body composition (fat, fat-free mass, total-body water and its compartments).

Energy Expenditure of Disaster Relief Operations Estimated Using a Tri-Axial Accelerometer and a Wearable Heart Rate Monitor.

The management of nutrition, food, and health for disaster relief personnel is one of the crucial aspects for carrying out effective rescue activities during large-scale natural disasters, such as a big earthquake, flooding, and landslide following heavy rainfall or man-made disasters, such as widespread fire in industrial areas. Rescue workers, such as fire fighters and rescue teams who work on the disaster relief operations, have to work long, hard, and irregular hours that require energy (both intake and expenditure), with especially altered eating patterns. Reliable estimates of the energy expenditure (TEE) for such disaster relief operations have not been fully established.

Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin in soy protein temporarily enhanced the plasma amino-acid concentrations, antioxidant index, and plasma hormone levels: a randomized, double-blind cross-over trial.

This study investigated the effects of a dietary protein supplement containing enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ) on plasma amino-acid levels in healthy people. A randomized double-blind cross-over trial (UMIN000044791) was conducted with a sample of nine healthy individuals. These participants ingested soy protein with or without 42 mg EMIQ for 7 days after performing mild exercise.

Dietary nitrate supplementation increases nitrate and nitrite concentrations in human skin interstitial fluid.

Acute dietary nitrate (NO) supplementation can increase [NO], but not nitrite ([NO]), in human skeletal muscle, though its effect on [NO] and [NO] in skin remains unknown. In an independent group design, 11 young adults ingested 140 mL of NO-rich beetroot juice (BR; 9.6 mmol NO), and 6 young adults ingested 140 mL of a NO-depleted placebo (PL).

Meal Timing and Sleeping Energy Metabolism.

There is a physiological link between sleep and eating. Insufficient sleep is a risk factor for overeating and excess body weight gain, and molecules such as orexin and insulin play a role in the control of sleep and energy intake. The effects of dietary timing on sleep and energy metabolism were examined in this review.

Female athlete triad affects rat intestinal morphology and sucrase-isomaltase expression.

Female athletes follow a strict diet and perform rigorous exercise to boost their performance, which induces health issues called the female athlete triad (FAT), defined as the combination of disordered eating, amenorrhoea and low bone mineral density. It is known to have a significant effect on bones. However, its effects on the small intestine, which is responsible for nutrient uptake into the body, remain unclear.

Does earlier acquisition of motor competence promote pubertal physical activity in Japanese elementary school children: A 4-year follow-up study.

This 4-year follow-up study investigated which profile of motor competence (MC) in early childhood more strongly correlated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in early pubescence. A total of 247 first-grade children (152 boys) aged 6 to 7 years old participated in the baseline measurement. MVPA was measured using an accelerometer annually until the fifth grade.

Soy protein intake increased bone mineral density under nonenergy-deficiency conditions but decreased it under energy-deficiency conditions in young female rats.

Many young individuals attempt to lose too much weight because of a false body image, which induces low bone mineral density (BMD) resulting from energy restriction. In addition, a decrease in estrogen has been observed along with the decrease in BMD. Estrogen is responsible for maintaining bone mass, and soybeans contain high levels of isoflavones, which have estrogen-like effects.

Female Athlete Triad and Male Athlete Triad Syndrome Induced by Low Energy Availability: An Animal Model.

Energy availability (EA) is defined the difference in energy intake and exercise energy expenditure. Reduction of EA (i.e.

Food Quotient Assessments Using One-Week Dietary Records and Food Frequency Questionnaires of Young Japanese Runners.

The food quotient (FQ), which is the rate of macronutrient composition calculated from daily meals, can equal the respiratory quotient over a long term. The FQ is needed to estimate the total energy expenditure (TEE) in doubly labeled water studies. Usually, dietary records (DR) are used for dietary assessment in clinical nutritional studies; however, the DR method's disadvantage is that it takes time to calculate the results.

Association Between Age of Achieving Gross Motor Development Milestones During Infancy and Body Fat Percentage at 6 to 7 Years of Age.

Objectives: The later achievement of gross motor milestones during infancy is associated with adiposity in early childhood. However, the associations between gross motor development and adiposity after entering primary school are unclear. This study examined the associations between the ages at which six gross motor milestones were achieved and adiposity during early school years.

Metabolic flexibility during sleep.

Known as metabolic flexibility, oxidized substrate is selected in response to changes in the nutritional state. Sleep imposes an extended duration of fasting, and oxidized substrates during sleep were assumed to progressively shift from carbohydrate to fat, thereby gradually decreasing the respiratory quotient (RQ). Contrary to this assumption, whole-room indirect calorimetry with improved time resolution revealed that RQ re-ascended prior to awakening, and nadir of RQ in non-obese young adults occurred earlier in women than men after bedtime.

Estimating Total Energy Expenditure for Fire-Fighters during Large Scale Disaster Response Training Using a Tri-Axial Accelerometer.

The present study was conducted to estimate total energy expenditure (TEE) of fire-fighters using tri axial-accelerometers in conjunction with an activity log survey on a large number of subjects undergoing training mimicking a large-scale disaster. Subjects were 240 fire-fighters participating in a two-day fire-fighting training dedicated to large-scale natural disasters. Data was analyzed by job type of activity group and the job rank, and by comparing the average.

The effects of royal jelly protein on bone mineral density and strength in ovariectomized female rats.

Purpose: Sex hormones deficiency leads to dramatically bone loss in particular postmenopausal women. Royal jelly has anti-osteoporosis effect due to maintain bone volume in that condition. We hypothesized that royal jelly protein (RJP, a latent residue after extracting royal jelly) also prevents bone deficient in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats, the animal model of postmenopausal women.

Effect of ginger extract ingestion on skeletal muscle glycogen contents and endurance exercise in male rats.

Purpose: Skeletal muscle glycogen is a determinant of endurance capacity for some athletes. Ginger is well known to possess nutritional effects, such as anti-diabetic effects. We hypothesized that ginger extract (GE) ingestion increases skeletal muscle glycogen by enhancing fat oxidation.

Novel Equations to Estimate Resting Energy Expenditure during Sitting and Sleeping.

Introduction: Young and early middle-aged office workers spend most of the day sitting or sleeping. Few studies have used a metabolic chamber to report sitting resting energy expenditure (REE) or sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) estimation equations. This study aimed to develop novel equations for estimating sitting REE and SMR, and previously published equations for SMR were compared against measured values.