Neutrophil extracellular trap formation and gene programs distinguish TST/IGRA sensitization outcomes among Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposed persons living with HIV.

Persons living with HIV (PLWH) have an increased risk for tuberculosis (TB). After prolonged and repeated exposure, some PLWH never develop TB and show no evidence of immune sensitization to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) as defined by persistently negative tuberculin skin tests (TST) and interferon gamma release assays (IGRA). This group has been identified and defined as HIV+ persistently TB, tuberculin and IGRA negative (HITTIN).

Measurement of Autophagy Activity Reveals Time-Dependent, Bacteria-Specific Turnover during Infection.

The intracellular pathogen, (M. tb) uses various mechanisms to evade its killing. One of such is phagosomal damage and cytosolic translocation which is then targeted by the host's bactericidal autophagy pathway.