Protocols for Measuring Tolerant and Heteroresistant Drug Responses of Pathogenic Yeasts.

The classic definition of antimicrobial susceptibility to antifungal drugs ignores the persistence of subpopulations that survive in the presence of a drug. Even in entirely clonal populations, small subpopulations of yeast can grow in the presence of a drug, sometimes up to extremely high drug concentrations, such that they may be clinically relevant. Identifying and quantifying the incidence with which these subpopulations arise is an essential step in understanding how pathogenic yeast, such as Candida species (i.

Bodily Experience in Depression: Using Focusing as a New Interview Technique.

Introduction: Research on body aspects in depression primarily focuses on somatic complaints, while phenomenologists emphasize the pre-reflective bodily experience of depression as relevant for the psychopathology of it. Despite this increasing acknowledgement of the subjective body's impact on depression, empirically, it remains rarely studied.

Methods: Relying on the psychotherapy method of Focusing (Gendlin, 1982), interviews were developed, which enable participants with depression to get in contact with pre-reflective bodily experiences through turning inward, attentively observing all bodily feelings that arise, and finding symbolizations for these feelings.

Reduced Jumping to Conclusion Bias after Experimentally Induced Enhancement of Subjective Body Boundaries in Psychosis.

Introduction: A disturbed sense of self is frequently discussed as an etiological factor for delusion symptoms in psychosis. Phenomenological approaches to psychopathology posit that lacking the sense that the self is localized within one's bodily boundaries (disembodiment) is one of the core features of the disturbed self in psychosis. The present study examines this idea by experimentally manipulating the sense of bodily boundaries.

Tobacco Hornworm () caterpillars as a novel host model for the study of fungal virulence and drug efficacy.

The two leading yeast pathogens of humans, and , cause systemic infections in >1.4 million patients worldwide with mortality rates approaching 75%. It is thus imperative to study fungal virulence mechanisms, efficacy of antifungal drugs, and host response pathways.

Effort-Based Decision-Making Paradigms for Clinical Trials in Schizophrenia: Part 1—Psychometric Characteristics of 5 Paradigms.

Impairments in willingness to exert effort contribute to the motivational deficits characteristic of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The current study evaluated the psychometric properties of 5 new or adapted paradigms to determine their suitability for use in clinical trials of schizophrenia. This study included 94 clinically stable participants with schizophrenia and 40 healthy controls.