Optic Disc Edema Is an Under-Recognized Feature of Birdshot Chorioretinitis.

Background: Optic disc edema is a feature of many ophthalmic and neurologic conditions. It remains an underappreciated feature of birdshot chorioretinitis (BSCR), leading to delay in diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of our study was to identify clinical features that are concomitant with optic disc edema and suggest a diagnosis of BSCR.

Novel Case of Multifocal Choroiditis following Powassan Virus Infection.

Purpose: To present a case study that describes novel ocular manifestations of Powassan virus encephalitis using fundus imaging.

Study Design: Case Report.

Results: In this case study, fundus photographs, fundus autofluorescence, and fluorescein angiography were used to highlight Powassan virus-induced multifocal choroiditis with linear streaks.

Initial Occurrence of Bilateral Anterior Uveitis in a Patient with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis following Discontinuation of Topical Steroids after Bilateral Strabismus Surgery.

Post-operative inflammation is a well-known complication of intraocular surgery. This is especially true in patients with a prior history of uveitis or with a predisposition for an inflammatory response. We report the first published case of a patient who developed bilateral anterior uveitis after bilateral strabismus surgery.

Oscillatory potentials in patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: The electroretinogram (ERG) has proven to be useful in the evaluation and monitoring of patients with posterior uveitis. ERG oscillatory potentials (OPs) are sometimes reduced in many uveitic eyes with otherwise grossly normal ERG responses. This study compares ERG parameters, including OPs, between patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy, other posterior uveitis, and controls.

Trends in State Policy Support for Sexual Minorities and HIV-Related Outcomes Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States, 2008-2014.

Background: To examine trends in state-level policy support for sexual minorities and HIV outcomes among men who have sex with men (MSM).

Methods: This longitudinal analysis linked state-level policy support for sexual minorities [N = 94 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in 38 states] to 7 years of data (2008-2014) from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on HIV outcomes among MSM. Using latent growth mixture modeling, we combined 11 state-level policies (eg, nondiscrimination laws including sexual orientation as a protected class) from 1999 to 2014, deriving the following 3 latent groups: consistently low policy support, consistently high policy support, and increasing trajectory of policy support.

MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF IGG4-RELATED PAPILLITIS AND RETINAL DISEASE.

Purpose: To report a case of IgG4-related ophthalmic disease, which presented with papillitis and subretinal deposits.

Methods: Observational case report with multimodal imaging.

Results: A 52-year-old man with a history of persistent lymphadenopathy presented with decreased vision in his left eye.

TUBERCULOUS CHOROIDITIS IN PATIENT WITH VOGT-KOYANAGI-HARADA DISEASE.

Purpose: To describe a novel case of intraocular tuberculosis (TB) arising in a patient undergoing treatment for Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, and to highlight the use of spectral domain optical coherence tomography for helping confirm the diagnosis and monitor treatment response.

Methods: Case report of a patient with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease on prednisone, with acute clinical changes suspicious for bilateral tuberculous choroiditis. Spectral optical coherence tomography, fundus photography, and B-scan ultrasonography were all used to capture the acute lesions, and to monitor their responses after initiation of anti-TB therapy.

TREATMENT OF REFRACTORY TUBERCULAR SERPIGINOUS-LIKE CHOROIDITIS WITH INTRAVITREAL METHOTREXATE.

Purpose: To describe a case of tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis that progressed, despite antitubercular medication, corticosteroids, and immunomodulatory treatment, which ultimately quieted after two intravitreal methotrexate injections.

Methods: Case report.

Results: A 35-year-old woman reported a shadow in the left eye for 2 weeks.

Nab-paclitaxel-induced cystoid macular edema in a patient with pre-existing optic neuropathy.

Paclitaxel is a widely used chemotherapy agent that has rarely been associated with ophthalmic toxicities. Cystoid macular edema is one such rare side effect of paclitaxel therapy. Its pathophysiology remains poorly understood.

EXPANDED CLINICAL SPECTRUM OF MULTIPLE EVANESCENT WHITE DOT SYNDROME WITH MULTIMODAL IMAGING.

Purpose: To evaluate and characterize multiple evanescent white dot syndrome abnormalities with modern multimodal imaging modalities.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography, enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography, short-wavelength autofluorescence, and near-infrared autofluorescence.

Results: Thirty-four multiple evanescent white dot syndrome patients with mean age of 28.

New best1 mutations in autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy.

Purpose: To report the ocular phenotype in patients with autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy and carriers, and to describe novel BEST1 mutations.

Methods: Patients with clinically suspected and subsequently genetically proven autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy underwent full ophthalmic examination and investigation with fundus autofluorescence imaging, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, electroretinography, and electrooculography. Mutation analysis of the BEST1 gene was performed through direct Sanger sequencing.

Satisfaction with known, open-identity, or unknown sperm donors: reports from lesbian mothers of 17-year-old adolescents.

Objective: To assess whether lesbian mothers of 17-year-old adolescents conceived through donor insemination are satisfied with their choice of a known, open-identity, or unknown sperm donor and whether the mothers' satisfaction is associated with psychological health problems in the index adolescent offspring.

Design: Mixed-method study.

Setting: Not applicable.

Adaptive optics imaging of cone mosaic abnormalities in acute macular neuroretinopathy.

Background And Objective: To assess the cone photoreceptor mosaic in acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) using adaptive optics (AO) imaging.

Patients And Methods: Four patients with AMN were evaluated retrospectively by near-infrared reflectance (IR) confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and a flood-illuminated retinal AO camera. Microperimetry was performed in one patient.

Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of Presumed Sarcoid Retinal and Optic Nerve Nodules.

Purpose: To characterize nodular lesions of the retina and optic nerve with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in patients with sarcoidosis.

Methods: This is a retrospective series of 6 eyes from 5 patients with an established diagnosis of sarcoidosis, with clinically detected nodules of the optic nerve or retina. All lesions were imaged with fundus photography and SD-OCT on presentation, and followed with serial imaging after treatment with corticosteroids and/or immunomodulatory therapy.

Success with single-agent immunosuppression for multifocal choroidopathies.

Purpose: To evaluate the success of single-agent immunosuppression for patients with the posterior uveitides, birdshot chorioretinitis, multifocal choroiditis with panuveitis, and punctate inner choroiditis.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: setting: Tertiary care uveitis practices.

Epiretinal membranes in uveitic macular edema: effect on vision and response to therapy.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of epiretinal membranes on the response of uveitic macular edema to therapy and on visual acuity outcomes.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: One hundred four eyes of 77 patients with uveitic macular edema were identified at a tertiary care center.

Paracentral acute middle maculopathy: a new variant of acute macular neuroretinopathy associated with retinal capillary ischemia.

Importance: With the advent of more sophisticated imaging systems, such as spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), disruption of the inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) band, and thinning of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) have been identified in association with acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN).

Objectives: To characterize a new SD-OCT presentation of AMN as a paracentral acute middle maculopathy and to describe multimodal imaging findings that implicate an underlying pathogenesis related to retinal capillary ischemia.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Retrospective observational case series (January 1, 2012, to January 1, 2013) reviewing clinical and imaging data from 9 patients (11 eyes) with AMN at 6 tertiary referral centers.

Outer retinal tubulation in degenerative retinal disorders.

Purpose: To demonstrate outer retinal tubulation (ORT) in various degenerative retinal disorders.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of the multimodal imaging of 29 eyes of 15 patients with various retinal dystrophies and inflammatory maculopathies manifesting ORT. The morphologic features of ORT and its evolution over time were analyzed using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography data.

Redefining multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis and punctate inner choroidopathy through multimodal imaging.

Purpose: To evaluate the characteristics of multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis (MCP) and punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) using multimodal imaging.

Methods: This is a retrospective, consecutive, observational case series of 38 eyes of 22 patients. Each eye of patients with multiple yellow-white idiopathic inflammatory lesions in the fundus was classified as having MCP or PIC using standard diagnostic criteria in a masked fashion.

Chronic retinal necrosis: cytomegalovirus necrotizing retinitis associated with panretinal vasculopathy in non-HIV patients.

Purpose: To characterize a unique cytomegalovirus (CMV)-associated retinopathy in patients with limited immune dysfunction.

Methods: Retrospective observational case series. CMV was confirmed as the pathogenic agent via polymerase chain reaction analysis of aqueous or vitreous humor samples or via immunohistochemical analysis of retinal biopsy specimens.

Subretinal fluid in uveitic macular edema: effect on vision and response to therapy.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of subretinal fluid (SRF), imaged with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), on visual acuity outcomes in cases of uveitic macular edema (ME), and to analyze the response of SRF and uveitic ME to therapy.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: One hundred and one eyes of 75 patients with uveitic ME, as imaged by SD-OCT, were identified at a single tertiary-care referral center.