Prescription factors influencing baloxavir prescription during the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons: a administrative database study in Japan.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the factors associated with baloxavir prescription in Japanese hospitals using a health insurance claim-based database (MDV analyzer), during the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 influenza seasons. The MDV analyzer contains anonymized claims data from approximately 420 Diagnosis Procedure Combination hospitals, and does not contain data from clinics.

Methods: Data were collected for influenza patients treated with anti-influenza drugs during the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 influenza seasons.

MR diagnosis of a pulmonary embolism: comparison of P792 and Gd-DOTA for first-pass perfusion MRI and contrast-enhanced 3D MRA in a rabbit model.

Objective: To compare P792 (gadomelitol, a rapid clearance blood pool MR contrast agent) with gadolinium-tetraazacyclododecanetetraacetic acid (Gd-DOTA), a standard extracellular agent, for their suitability to diagnose a pulmonary embolism (PE) during a first-pass perfusion MRI and 3D contrast-enhanced (CE) MR angiography (MRA).

Materials And Methods: A perfusion MRI or CE-MRA was performed in a rabbit PE model following the intravenous injection of a single dose of contrast agent. The time course of the pulmonary vascular and parenchymal enhancement was assessed by measuring the signal in the aorta, pulmonary artery, and lung parenchyma as a function of time to determine whether there is a significant difference between the techniques.

Type 1 collagen as an endovascular stent-graft material for small-diameter vessels: a biocompatibility study.

Purpose: To compare patency rates and degrees of neointimal hyperplasia between bovine type 1 collagen stent-grafts and uncovered control stents in small-diameter vessels (< or =4 mm).

Materials And Methods: Uncovered stainless-steel, balloon-expandable stents (n = 5) and type 1 collagen stent-grafts (n = 6) were implanted via the femoral arteries with use of 4-mm balloon catheters into the abdominal aorta of New Zealand White rabbits. Ten animals were available for follow-up.

Na-K-2Cl cotransporter inhibition impairs human lung cellular proliferation.

The widespread presence of the Na-K-2Cl (NKCC) cotransporter protein suggests that chronic administration of inhibitors may result in adverse effects. Inhibition of the NKCC cotransporter by loop diuretics is felt to underlie the diuretic and the pulmonary smooth muscle relaxant effects of this drug class. However, the fundamental regulation of salt and water movement by this cotransporter suggests that it may also mediate cell volume changes occurring during cell cycle progression.

Aneurysm growth, elastinolysis, and attempted doxycycline inhibition of elastase-induced aneurysms in rabbits.

Purpose: To establish the relationship between elastin degradation and aneurysm growth in New Zealand white rabbit model aneurysms, and to explore the potential for pharmacologic inhibition of elastinolysis and aneurysm growth with use of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor doxycycline.

Materials And Methods: Elastase-induced, saccular aneurysms created in the right common carotid artery in 30 animals randomly divided into controls (n = 16) and doxycycline treated (n = 14) were studied. Aneurysm growth was determined by angiography and aneurysm specimens were collected at 7 and 14 days for histologic and immunohistochemical analysis.

A collagen-based coil for embolization of saccular aneurysms in a New Zealand White rabbit model.

Background And Purpose: In the treatment of cerebral aneurysms, platinum coils often fail to elicit a fibrotic response. We tested the hypothesis that a new, collagen-based endovascular coil would improve angiographic and histologic outcomes as compared with those achieved with platinum coils in a rabbit model of saccular aneurysms.

Methods: Elastase-induced aneurysms were created in 12 New Zealand White rabbits (body weight, 3-4 kg).

New expandable hydrogel-platinum coil hybrid device for aneurysm embolization.

This study introduces a new, hybrid embolic device that in addition to offering all the important attributes of existing detachable platinum coils also shows an enhanced ability to fill aneurysm cavities. The device consists of a carrier platinum coil coupled to an expandable hydrogel material, which undergoes a ninefold increase in volume when placed into a physiological environment. Distinct from previous devices aimed at speeding the organization of thrombus, the new device has been designed to entirely fill the aneurysm cavity, with complete or near-complete exclusion of thrombus.

Comparison of first-pass Gd-DOTA and FAIRER MR perfusion imaging in a rabbit model of pulmonary embolism.

Purpose: To compare the sensitivity of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and arterial spin labeling to perfusion deficits in the lung.

Materials And Methods: A rabbit model of pulmonary embolism was imaged with both flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery with an extra radiofrequency pulse (FAIRER) arterial spin labeling and Gd-DOTA enhanced MRI. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was measured in the area of the perfusion deficit and the normal lung for both techniques.

Healing response in elastase-induced rabbit aneurysms after embolization with a new platinum coil system.

Background And Purpose: Elastase-induced rabbit aneurysms offer promise in preclinical testing, but their radiographic and histologic features after dense packing with platinum coils are unknown. We evaluated these features by using a new platinum coil system.

Methods: Right common carotid arterial (CCA) aneurysms were created in 17 rabbits by distal ligation and intraluminal elastase incubation.

Elastase-induced saccular aneurysms in rabbits: a dose-escalation study.

Background And Purpose: Reproducible animal models facilitate preclinical assessment of aneurysm therapies. Our purpose was to determine if increased elastase doses enlarge aneurysms and parent arteries.

Methods: Rabbit right common carotid artery (CCA) aneurysms were created with distal ligation and intraluminal elastase incubation.