How Does Our Voice Reflect Who We Are? Connecting the Voice and the Self Using Implicit Association Tests.

Purpose: This study examined the contribution of voice to the self via implicit associations.

Method: An implicit association test (IAT) of the voice and the self was created and presented to vocal performers and community controls. One-hundred eleven participants completed this voice-self IAT, the Vocal Congruence Scale (VCS), and the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) via an in-person, monitored, and timed Qualtrics survey.

Complex working memory in adults with and without stuttering disorders: Performance patterns and predictive relationships.

Purpose: Available studies of working memory (WM) in speakers who stutter tend to rely on parent report, focus on phonological WM, or measure WM in combination with other processes. The present research aimed to: (1) compare complex WM in adults who stutter (AWS) and adults who do not stutter (AWNS); (2) characterize group performance patterns; and (2) determine whether WM predicts stuttering severity.

Methods: Eighteen AWS and 20 AWNS completed parallel verbal and spatial span tasks in which to-be-remembered items were interleaved with a distracting task across varying set sizes.

A Probe Study on Vocal Development in Two Infants at Risk for Cerebral Palsy.

The present work examined canonical babbling ratios longitudinally as a measure of onset and consolidation of canonical babbling in two infants at risk of cerebral palsy (CP) between 5 and 16 months. Ten typically developing infants were included for comparison at 6, 9, 12, and 16-19 months. Canonical babbling ratios (CBRs) were calculated from 5-min segments, and follow-up diagnostic outcomes were collected between 24 and 33 months.

Dual-Task Effects on Concurrent Speech Production in School-Age Children With and Without Stuttering Disorders.

Purpose: Contemporary motor theories indicate that well-practiced movements are best performed automatically, without conscious attention or monitoring. We applied this perspective to speech production in school-age children and examined how dual-task conditions that engaged sustained attention affected speech fluency, speech rate, and language productivity in children with and without stuttering disorders.

Method: Participants included 47 children (19 children who stutter, 28 children who do not stutter) from 7 to 12 years of age.

Word-Final Disfluencies in a School-Age Child: Beneath the Tip of the Iceberg.

Purpose Disfluencies associated with stuttering generally occur in the initial position of words. This study reviews data from a school-age child with an atypical stuttering profile consisting predominantly of word-final disfluencies (WFDs). Our primary goals were to identify patterns in overt features of WFDs and to extend our understanding of this clinical profile by focusing on aspects of stuttering that lie beneath the surface.

Development of a State-Wide IPE Faculty Toolkit.

Developing effective interprofessional education (IPE) training activities can be challenging, and faculty at individual programs and schools often take on this task independently. In doing so, similar ideas are frequently recreated for implementation at multiple institutions, and considerable time may be spent in these duplicative efforts. This paper describes a new state-wide effort in Tennessee to compile classroom-based IPE curricular resources and activities being used across the state in order to reduce redundancy, increase efficiency and effectiveness, and ultimately improve training outcomes for students entering health-related professions.

Cognitive Flexibility and Effortful Control in School-Age Children With and Without Stuttering Disorders.

Purpose This study compared attention control and flexibility in school-age children who stutter (CWS) and children who do not stutter (CWNS) based on their performance on a behavioral task and parent report. We used a classic attention-shifting paradigm that included manipulations of task goals and timing to test effects of varying demands for flexibility on switching accuracy and speed. We also examined associations between task performance, group, and relevant aspects of temperament.

The Speaker's Experience of Stuttering: Measuring Spontaneity.

Purpose This study measures the experience of spontaneous speech in everyday speaking situations. Spontaneity of speech is a novel concept developed to account for the subjective experience of speaking. Spontaneous speech is characterized by little premeditation and effortless production, and it is enjoyable and meaningful.

Effects of different attention tasks on concurrent speech in adults who stutter and fluent controls.

Purpose: Motor theories indicate that focusing attention on well-practiced movements interferes with skilled performance; however, specific forms of attention (alerting vs. orienting vs. executive control) associated with this effect are not well understood.

Cognitive flexibility in preschool children with and without stuttering disorders.

Purpose: Multifactorial explanations of developmental stuttering suggest that difficulties in self-regulation and weak attentional flexibility contribute to persisting stuttering. We tested this prediction by examining whether preschool-age children who stutter (CWS) shift their attention less flexibly than children who do not stutter (CWNS) during a modified version of the Dimension Card Change Sort (DCCS), a reliable measure of attention switching for young children.

Methods: Sixteen CWS (12 males) and 30 children CWNS (11 males) participated in the study.

Does Working Memory Enhance or Interfere With Speech Fluency in Adults Who Do and Do Not Stutter? Evidence From a Dual-Task Paradigm.

Purpose: The present study examined whether engaging working memory in a secondary task benefits speech fluency. Effects of dual-task conditions on speech fluency, rate, and errors were examined with respect to predictions derived from three related theoretical accounts of disfluencies.

Method: Nineteen adults who stutter and twenty adults who do not stutter participated in the study.

The effect of plausibility on sentence comprehension among older adults and its relation to cognitive functions.

Unlabelled: BACKGROUND/STUDY CONTEXT: Older adults show age-related decline in complex-sentence comprehension. This has been attributed to a decrease in cognitive abilities that may support language processing, such as working memory (e.g.

Verbal strategies and nonverbal cues in school-age children with and without specific language impairment (SLI).

Background: Considerable evidence suggests that performance across a variety of cognitive tasks is effectively supported by the use of verbal and nonverbal strategies. Studies exploring the usefulness of such strategies in children with specific language impairment (SLI) are scarce and report inconsistent findings.

Aims: To examine the effects of induced labelling and auditory cues on the performance of children with and without SLI during a categorization task.

Information processing and proactive interference in children with and without specific language impairment.

Purpose: Increasing evidence suggests that children with specific language impairment (SLI) have a deficit in inhibition control, but research isolating specific abilities is scarce. The goal of this study was to examine whether children with SLI differ from their peers in resistance to proactive interference under different conditions.

Method: An information processing battery with manipulations in interference was administered to 66 children (SLI, age matched peers, and language-matched controls).

EXECUTIVE FUNCTION PROFILES IN CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT SPECIFIC LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT.

We present findings from a study that focused on specific executive functions (EF) in children with and without specific language impairment (SLI). We analyzed performance patterns and EF profiles (spatial working memory, inhibition control, and sustained attention) in school-age SLI children and two control groups: age-matched and language matched. Our main research goal was to identify those EFs that show a weakness in children with SLI.

A meta-analysis of outcomes of hydration intervention on phonation threshold pressure.

Objectives: Vocal fold hydration is purported to promote optimal biomechanical characteristics of vocal fold mucosa, increase efficiency of vocal fold oscillation, and enhance voice quality. The purpose of this work was to determine the magnitude and consistency of the effect of vocal fold hydration on vocal fold function across published clinical studies.

Methods: We completed a comprehensive meta-analysis of the effects of superficial and systemic vocal fold hydration on phonation threshold pressure (PTP), a measure of efficiency of voice production.