Association between the gut microbiome and organic acid profiles in a Japanese population with HIV infection.

Introduction: An increased incidence of metabolic syndrome has been observed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. In contrast, gut dysbiosis is involved in various pathogeneses, including vascular endothelial disorders. Organic acids, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are essential for maintaining gut homeostasis.

Factors associated with viral clearance periods from patients with COVID-19: A retrospective observational cohort study.

Introduction: Knowledge is limited on the virologic course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, particularly the time taken for viral clearance and the optimal time to discontinue isolation. This study aims to identify the clinical and demographic factors influencing the time taken for viral clearance in patients with COVID-19 to determine the optimal isolation period.

Methods: This two-center retrospective observational cohort study was conducted between March 1 and June 31, 2020.

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori among residents and their environments in the Nara prefecture, Japan.

Background: Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori, specifically cagA-positive strains, is associated with gastric cancer. Thus, measures to prevent H. pylori infection are required.

Clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology of invasive Streptococcus agalactiae infections between 2007 and 2016 in Nara, Japan.

Invasive Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) infections are increasingly common among neonates and the elderly. Therefore, GBS surveillance for better antibiotic treatment and prophylaxis strategies are needed. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical aspects of invasive infections and the phenotypic and genetic diversity of infectious isolates from Nara, Japan, collected between 2007 and 2016, by using information from hospital records.

Necessity to screen and treat latent tuberculosis before ruxolitinib treatment-Ruxolitinib-associated disseminated tuberculosis: A case report and literature review.

Ruxolitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor, considerably improves symptoms of patients with polycythemia vera and primary or secondary myelofibrosis. However, its association with the development of infectious complications is a concern. Herein, we report the case of an 80-year-old man with primary myelofibrosis who developed disseminated tuberculosis during treatment with ruxolitinib at 15 mg twice daily and prednisone at 5 mg.

Filifactor alocis brain abscess identified by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing: A case report.

We report a clinical case of Filifactor alocis brain abscess in an 85-year-old man who had decayed teeth 1 week prior. In this case, the abscess was surgically drained after empirical antibiotics had been initiated. Although the causative organism could not be identified by culture, F.

Case of endobronchial metastasis from breast cancer accompanied with Cunninghamella bertholletiae tracheobronchial mycetoma.

Cunninghamella is a member of the class Zygomycetes. Cunninghamella species include ubiquitous filamentous fungi; infections caused by Cunninghamella species are less frequent but have higher mortality rates than infections caused by Mucorales group members such as Rhizopus and Mucor. Herein, we reported a rare fatal case of endobronchial metastasis from breast cancer accompanied with Cunninghamella bertholletiae tracheobronchial mycetoma.

Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid Helicobacter pylori detection.

Infection with cagA-positive Helicobacter pylori is associated with gastric cancer. Molecular techniques are vital for accurate H. pylori diagnosis.

Molecular diagnosis and characterization of a culture-negative mycotic aneurysm due to ST54 Haemophilus influenzae type b with PBP 3 alterations.

Mycotic aneurysm is a rare but life-threatening disease that warrants an integrated therapeutic approach involving surgical intervention and prolonged antibiotic use. However, the causative organisms are often unidentified because antibiotics started empirically render blood and tissue cultures negative. Molecular diagnosis has been reported to be useful in such culture-negative cases.

[A Case of Disseminated Cutaneous Mycobacterium chelonae Infection Successfully Improved with Thermal Therapy].

A 54-year-old female with dermatomyositis treated with cyclosporine and methylprednisolone presented with multiple subcutaneous nodules on her upper and lower extremities on December 2011. The number of lesions gradually increased. She had a history of surgical intervention such as debridement, skin graft of right lower leg due to trauma and subsequent bacterial infection on August 2011.

Chronic invasive sinus and intracerebral aspergillosis controlled by combination therapy with micafungin and a daily dose of 400 mg itraconazole oral solution.

Chronic invasive aspergillosis of the sinus is frequently fatal in the absence of early surgical and chemotherapeutic intervention because of its invasion of vascular tissue. We attempted to control a case of inoperable invasive aspergillosis of the sinus with micafungin and itraconazole oral solution. We prescribed a daily oral dose of 400 mg of itraconazole, which is twice the usual dose, and monitored the serum concentration of the drug.