Who said what to whom? Memory for sources and destinations in monolinguals and bilinguals.

Two experiments with monolingual and bilingual participants tested memory for sources (speakers) and destinations (listeners) in conversations consisting of self-referential statements. In Experiment 1, participants directly interacted in English conversations with audio-visually recorded confederates. In Experiment 2, participants observed recorded conversations among confederates.

Rethinking Bilingual Enhancement Effects in Associative Learning of Foreign Language Vocabulary: The Role of Proficiency in the Mediating Language.

The present study investigated claims that learning vocabulary in an unfamiliar language is more efficient in bilinguals than in monolinguals and the possible effects of language proficiency and dominance. In Experiment 1, monolingual ( = 48) and bilingual participants ( = 96) learned Japanese words paired with English translations and completed cued-recall and associative-recognition tests. Accuracy did not differ across monolingual and bilingual or language dominance groups.

How word comprehension exposures facilitate later spoken production: implications for lexical processing and repetition priming.

Both comprehension and production exposures to words facilitate spoken production of the same words in picture-naming tasks performed several minutes later. Three experiments examined the mechanisms by which different types of comprehension exposures to words facilitate spoken production. Both overt and silent reading and listening tasks elicited substantial priming in picture naming at 10-minute but not 1-week retention intervals.

Elevated levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in the aqueous humor after phacoemulsification.

Purpose: To elucidate the impact of phacoemulsification on aqueous monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels, and identify its cell origin.

Methods: For clinical study, aqueous humor samples were collected before and after surgery (17.0 ± 4.

Involvement of RhoA/Rho-associated kinase signal transduction pathway in dexamethasone-induced alterations in aqueous outflow.

Purpose: We investigated the involvement of the RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK) signal transduction pathway in dexamethasone (DEX)-induced changes in aqueous outflow.

Methods: Using trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm's canal endothelial (SCE) cells, RhoA activation was evaluated with a pull-down assay and myosin light chain phosphorylation was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Outflow facility was measured in perfused porcine anterior segment organ cultures treated with DEX and/or Y-27632, a selective ROCK inhibitor.

The effect of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/CC chemokine ligand 2 on aqueous humor outflow facility.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)/CC chemokine ligand 2 on aqueous humor outflow facility.

Methods: Aqueous humor outflow facility was measured in enucleated porcine eyes in a constant pressure perfusion system with or without MCP-1 (1600 ng/mL). Expression of CCR2, an MCP-1 receptor, in Schlemm's canal endothelial (SCE) cells was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay.

Harmful effects of radicals generated in polluted dew on the needles of Japanese Red Pine (Pinus densiflora).

•  The effects of free radicals, ·OH and ·NO, generated in polluted dew water on needles of Pinus densiflora (Japanese Red pine) were investigated. •  ·OH-generating solutions (HOOH with Fe(III) and oxalate ion; ·OH treatment) and ·OH- and ·NO-generating solutions (NO ; ·OH/·NO treatment) were regulated at 25, 50 and 100 µmol and pH 4.4.