Efficacy of a melatonin receptor agonist and orexin receptor antagonists in preventing delirium symptoms in the olderly patients with stroke: a retrospective study.

Background: Post-stroke delirium affects between 24% and 43% of patients, and negatively impacts patient outcomes. Recently, research attention has been on preventive interventions for delirium, with melatonin receptor agonists and orexin receptor antagonists reported to be effective in preventing delirium in intensive care unit patients. However, the efficacy of these agents in preventing post-stroke delirium remain unclear.

Diagnostic usefulness of 24-h polysomnography for idiopathic hypersomnia co-occurring with neurodevelopmental disorders: A case report.

Background: Although central disorders of hypersomnolence (CDH) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are frequently comorbid, they often remain underdiagnosed, leading to insufficient treatment and sociopsychological outcomes.

Case Presentation: Here, we present a case of a male in his late 20s with ADHD and autism spectrum disorder who exhibited symptoms suggestive of idiopathic hypersomnia (IH), a subtype of CDH. The patient experienced difficulty waking up and dropped out of university.

Case report: Consecutive hyperbaric oxygen therapy for delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy resulting from CHANTER syndrome caused by opioid intoxication.

Delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy (DPHL) is a poorly recognized syndrome characterized by neuropsychiatric symptoms following recovery from an acute hypoxic episode. Although most cases are related to carbon monoxide poisoning, some have been linked to excessive opioid use. Opioid intoxication has recently become known for manifesting the characteristic imaging findings involving cerebellar, hippocampal, and basal nuclei transient edema with restricted diffusion (CHANTER) syndrome.

Comorbid psychiatric disorders and long-term survival after liver transplantation in transplant facilities with a psychiatric consultation-liaison team: a multicenter retrospective study.

Objective: Comorbid psychiatric disorders negatively affect the survival rate of patients with some physical disorders. In liver transplant recipients, various psychiatric disorders have been identified as worsening prognosis. However, little is known about how the presence of any comorbid (overall) disorders affect the survival rate of transplant recipients.

Efficacy and tolerability of 1 L polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid with senna versus 2 L polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid for colonoscopic bowel preparation: Prospective, randomized, investigator-blinded trial.

Objectives: Low-volume polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid (PEG-Asc) reduces the dosage of colonoscopic bowel preparation (BP) solution, but is still poorly tolerated. Adding laxatives to the BP solution reduces the volume of fluid required, without affecting quality. This study aimed to compare 1 L PEG-Asc plus 24 mg senna (1L-PEG/AS) and conventional 2 L PEG-Asc (2L-PEG/A) regimens on BP quality and patient tolerability.

A case of paradoxical response during anti-tuberculosis treatment in a patient with ulcerative colitis.

Emerging anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α antibodies therapy changed treatment strategy to inflammatory bowel diseases because of the efficacy. However, TNF-α inhibitor can be associated with an increased risk of infectious complications, especially tuberculosis. A 71-year-old female with steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis (UC) was admitted due to relapse of UC with endoscopically severe active.

Impact of the Lockdown Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

The government of Japan declared a state of emergency on April 16, 2020, owing to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The subsequent lockdown altered lifestyles and worsened mental illnesses. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an intestinal disorder that is affected by environmental factors.

Pyogenic Spondylitis Caused by Staphylococcus schleiferi in a Patient with Crohn's Disease.

Staphylococcus schleiferi has rarely been reported to cause pyogenic spondylitis. A 42-year-old man had been treated for Crohn's disease with immunosuppressive agents and home parenteral nutrition via a central vein (CV) port. The patient was admitted to our hospital, presenting with neck pain and a fever.

Lithium intoxication-induced dysgeusia accompanied by glossalgia in a patient receiving lithium carbonate: a case report.

Background: Lithium carbonate is widely used as a first-line therapeutic agent for the depressive and manic phases of bipolar disorder. Although limb tremors and hypothyroidism are well-known side effects of lithium carbonate, other rare adverse reactions can also occur.

Case Presentation: A 53-year-old Japanese woman diagnosed with lithium intoxication developed dysgeusia and glossalgia during treatment with lithium carbonate.

Slco2a1 deficiency exacerbates experimental colitis via inflammasome activation in macrophages: a possible mechanism of chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1 gene.

Loss-of-function mutations in the solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 2a1 gene (SLCO2A1), which encodes a prostaglandin (PG) transporter, have been identified as causes of chronic nonspecific multiple ulcers in the small intestine; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been revealed. We, therefore, evaluated the effects of systemic knockout of Slco2a1 (Slco2a1) and conditional knockout in intestinal epithelial cells (Slco2a1) and macrophages (Slco2a1) in mice with dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced acute colitis. Slco2a mice were more susceptible to DSS-induced colitis than wild-type (WT) mice, but did not spontaneously develop enteritis or colitis.

Azathioprine Is Useful for Maintaining Long-term Remission Induced by Tacrolimus for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: An Inverse Probability of a Treatment Weighing Analysis.

Objective The need for and efficacy of immunomodulators for maintaining remission after tacrolimus therapy have not been sufficiently defined. This study evaluated the efficacy of immunomodulators for maintaining remission in patients with ulcerative colitis after tacrolimus therapy. Methods Patients with active ulcerative colitis who started oral tacrolimus between January 2009 and September 2017 and were responsive were retrospectively evaluated.

Pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts clinical relapse of ulcerative colitis after tacrolimus induction.

Objectives: Although tacrolimus is useful as an induction therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), information regarding the long-term outcome after tacrolimus therapy is insufficient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of the pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a prognostic factor in patients with UC receiving tacrolimus, to aid treatment selection.

Materials And Methods: Patients with moderate-to-severe active UC who received oral tacrolimus induction therapy and subsequent immunomodulatory maintenance therapy at our hospital between 2009 and 2017 and who showed clinical response at week 12, were retrospectively enrolled.

Recurrent Massive Uterine Bleeding from a Cesarean Scar Treated Successfully by Laparoscopic Surgery.

A cesarean scar can cause abnormal uterine bleeding including prolonged menstruation or postmenstrual spotting. Our patient showed massive uterine bleeding from a cesarean scar and needed blood transfusion for hemorrhagic shock. A cesarean section had only been performed once for delivery stop 9 years ago.

Multiple part umbilical cord entanglement and neonatal outcomes.

Objective: Umbilical cord entanglement is known to be a major cause of fetal hypoxia and to be correlated with several neonatal complications, but almost all of the previous reports were restricted to nuchal cord. In this study, we retrospectively examined the correlation between multiple part cord entanglement and pregnancy outcomes.

Materials And Methods: A total of 2156 cases were recruited from term deliveries in our hospital from 2008 to 2012.

Efficacy of a concomitant elemental diet to reduce the loss of response to adalimumab in patients with intractable Crohn's disease.

Background And Aim: Secondary loss of response to adalimumab (ADA-LOR) commonly occurs in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) treated with adalimumab (ADA). We evaluated the efficacy of concomitant elemental diet (ED) therapy to reduce ADA-LOR in adult CD patients.

Methods: Patients were divided into either an ED (≥900 kcal/day) or a non-ED group (<900 kcal/day).

Bidirectional effects of dexmedetomidine on human platelet functions in vitro.

Platelets express the imidazoline (I)-receptor, I1 and I2, as well as the α2-adrenoceptor. Although dexmedetomidine, a selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist with some affinity for the I-receptor is expected to affect platelet function, the effects of dexmedetomidine on platelet functions remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of dexmedetomidine on human platelet functions in vitro.