Simultaneous quantification of pyrethroid metabolites in urine of non-toilet-trained children in Japan.

Background: Pyrethroid (PYR) insecticides are widely used for controlling various pests. There are two types that differ in terms of usage: agricultural-purpose PYR (agriculture-PYR) and hygiene purpose PYR (hygiene-PYRs). Few studies exist on the exposure to these chemicals in small children.

Quantitative analysis of organophosphate pesticides and dialkylphosphates in duplicate diet samples to identify potential sources of measured urinary dialkylphosphates in Japanese women.

Increased levels of dialkylphosphates (DAP) in maternal urine are associated with a variety of adverse developmental outcomes in children. Although urinary DAP levels are usually considered to be a marker of exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides, excretion of DAP may also increase by ingesting preformed DAP. To date, no study has quantitatively assessed the possible contribution of the dietary intake of preformed DAP and OP pesticides to urinary levels of DAP.

Inhalation exposure to 2-ethyl-1-hexanol causes hepatomegaly and transient lipid accumulation without induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in mice.

2-Ethyl-1-hexanol (2EH) is a volatile organic compound known to cause sick building syndrome. However, 2EH-induced hepatotoxicity has been mainly evaluated in experiments orally administering 2EH as a metabolite of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. To evaluate the hepatotoxicity risk of 2EH as an indoor air pollutant, we exposed 10-wk-old male ICR mice to 2EH by inhalation for 8 h/d, 5 d/wk for 3 months (0, 20, 60, or 150 ppm) or 6 months (0, 0.

Development of a strategic approach for comprehensive detection of organophosphate pesticide metabolites in urine: Extrapolation of cadusafos and prothiofos metabolomics data of mice to humans.

Objectives: The comprehensive detection of environmental chemicals in biospecimens, an indispensable task in exposome research, is advancing. This study aimed to develop an exposomic approach to identify urinary metabolites of organophosphate (OP) pesticides, specifically cadusafos and prothiofos metabolites, as an example chemical group, using an original metabolome dataset generated from animal experiments.

Methods: Urine samples from 73 university students were analyzed using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Cumulative exposure assessment of neonicotinoids and an investigation into their intake-related factors in young children in Japan.

Exposure levels of neonicotinoids (NEO) in young children remain unknown, despite their widespread use and the plausible vulnerability of toddlers to environmental toxicants. Herein we aimed to clarify the exposure levels and sources of NEOs in young Japanese children. Disposable diapers were collected from 1036 children (16-23 months old) participating in an adjunct study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study between 2015 and 2016.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of treatment regimens with obinutuzumab plus chemotherapy in Japan for untreated follicular lymphoma patients.

Aims: Obinutuzumab (GA101; G) is a new treatment for follicular lymphoma (FL) that is anticipated to have greater efficacy than the current treatment, rituximab (R). The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of G plus chemotherapy (G + Chemo) against that of R plus chemotherapy (R + Chemo) for patients in Japan with previously untreated FL.

Materials And Methods: We localized a previously reported cost-effectiveness model using the Japanese cost data.

Biomonitoring method for neonicotinoid insecticides in urine of non-toilet-trained children using LC-MS/MS.

There is a growing appreciation of the importance of determining chemical exposure levels in early childhood, as well as in embryonic and foetal life, which are now widely believed to be essential for gaining insight into potential health risks associated with these chemicals. To facilitate the assessment of exposure to neonicotinoid insecticides (NEOs) in non-toilet-trained children, a new method using disposable diapers (nappies) was developed for the simultaneous determination of the NEOs acetamiprid and its metabolite -desmethylacetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam (NEO biomarkers). The urine absorbed in disposable diapers was extracted with acetone (diaper urine) and was cleaned using a solid-phase extraction column, before analysis with LC-MS/MS.

Exposure levels of organophosphate pesticides in Japanese diapered children: Contributions of exposure-related behaviors and mothers' considerations of food selection and preparation.

Organophosphate (OP) pesticide exposure is a public health issue due to its potential link to neurodevelopmental problems in children. This study aimed to examine the exposure levels of OP pesticides in Japanese toddlers and explore the possible contributions of their exposure-related behaviors and their mothers' considerations of food selection and preparation to their exposure levels to OP pesticides. We recruited diapered children participating in the Japan Environment and Children's Study and collected used disposable diapers from 1037 children between June 2015 and August 2016.

Cohort profile: Aichi regional sub-cohort of the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS-A).

Purpose: Effects of fetal, perinatal and childhood environment on the health of children at birth and during later life have become a topic of concern. The Aichi regional sub-cohort of the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS-A) is an ongoing birth cohort of pregnant women and their children which has been used to provide unique data, as adjunct studies of JECS, on multifaceted potential factors affecting children's health.

Participants: The JECS-A is part of the JECS which follows a total of 100 000 pairs of children and their mothers (fathers' participation is optional) across 15 regions in Japan.

Within-individual and interlaboratory variability analyses of urinary metabolites measurements of organophosphorus insecticides.

Single-spot urine is often used to estimate organophosphorus insecticide (OP) exposure. However, variations of urinary metabolite concentrations during the day are considerable as OP half-lives are short and as diet is their main exposure source. In addition, quality control is indispensable for institutions that analyze these metabolites.

Intra-individual variations of organophosphate pesticide metabolite concentrations in repeatedly collected urine samples from pregnant women in Japan.

Background: Low-dose exposure to organophosphate (OP) insecticides during pregnancy may adversely affect neurodevelopment in children. To evaluate the OP exposure levels, single urine sampling is commonly adopted to measure the levels of dialkylphosphates (DAPs), common OP metabolites. However, the inter-day variations of urinary DAP concentrations within subjects are supposed to be large due to the short biological half-lives of the metabolites, and it is thus considered difficult to accurately assess OP exposure during pregnancy with single sampling.

A Review of Obinutuzumab (GA101), a Novel Type II Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody, for the Treatment of Patients with B-Cell Malignancies.

Obinutuzumab (GA101) is a novel, type II, glycoengineered, humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that has been developed to address the need for new therapeutics with improved efficacy in patients with lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoma of B-cell origin. Obinutuzumab has a distinct mode of action relative to type I anti-CD20 antibodies, such as rituximab, working primarily by inducing direct cell death and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Obinutuzumab is under investigation in a wide-ranging program of clinical trials in patients with B-cell malignancies.

Quantitative analysis of organophosphate insecticide metabolites in urine extracted from disposable diapers of toddlers in Japan.

Background And Aim: Epidemiological studies linking insecticide exposure to childhood neurodevelopment have been gaining global attention. Despite the rapid development of the central nervous system in early childhood, studies regarding the biological monitoring of insecticide exposure in diapered children are limited. In this study, we aimed to clarify the concentrations of organophosphate (OP) insecticide metabolites in toddler urine extracted from disposable diapers in Japan.

Secoiridoid glucosides from Strychnos spinosa.

Three new secoiridoid glucosides, stryspinoside (1) and strychosides A (2) and B (3), were isolated, together with 23 known compounds, from the dried branches of Strychnos spinosa. The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectroscopic means.