Kososan, a standardized traditional Japanese herbal medicine, reverses sleep disturbance in socially isolated mice via GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor complex activation.

Purpose: Kososan (KSS), a traditional Japanese medicine with a distinct aroma, is clinically used to treat affective disorders but its antidepressant-like effect has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we investigated the effects of inhaled and orally administered KSS on sleep disturbances in socially isolated mice.

Methods: Four-weeks-old male ddy mice were housed either in social isolation or in groups for 4-6 weeks before the experiment.

[Two cases of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus].

We report 2 elderly patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus. Case 1: A 61-year-old-man was admitted because of hyperglycemia (blood glucose level, 1,071 mg/dl) and metabolic acidosis. His hemoglobin A1c level was almost normal (5.

Sarpogrelate hydrochloride, a serotonin2A receptor antagonist, reduces albuminuria in diabetic patients with early-stage diabetic nephropathy.

We have recently demonstrated that serotonin (5-HT) increases the production of type 4 collagen by cultured human mesangial cells. Here we examined the clinical effects of a 5-HT(A2) receptor antagonist whether it would prevent the development or progression of diabetic nephropathy. We compared the levels of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), the major metabolite of 5-HT, in 24-h urine samples of patients with type 2 diabetes (n=110) and normal subjects (n=40).