Correlation between charge density wave phase transition and hydrogen adsorption in 1T-TaSthin film devices.

Thin films of tantalum disulfide in the 1T-polytype structural phase (1T-TaS), a type of metallic two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), are reactive to H. Interestingly, in the incommensurate charge-density wave (ICCDW) phase with a metallic state, the electrical resistance of the 1T-TaSthin film decreases when His adsorbed on it and returns to its initial value upon desorption. In contrast, the electrical resistance of the film in the nearly commensurate CDW (NCCDW) phase, which has a subtle band overlap or a small bandgap, does not change upon Hadsorption/desorption.

Salt Restriction Affects the Excretions of Minerals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, P and Zn) in the Second Voided Fasting Early Morning Urine.

The plasma concentrations of mineral (sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), and zinc (Zn)) are kept within narrow ranges to maintain homeostasis; hence, it is difficult to use them as indicators of nutritional status. We selected the excretion of these minerals in the second voided fasting early morning urine (EMU) as potential indicators of nutritional status. We previously reported that Na restriction caused a negative balance of Ca and Mg.

Dietary Salt (Sodium Chloride) Requirement and Adverse Effects of Salt Restriction in Humans.

Inevitable sodium loss under sodium restriction must not be construed as evidence for the estimated average requirement (EAR) for sodium (Na) in humans. We conducted human mineral balance studies to determine the EAR for some minerals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn). Na concentration in arm sweat was low while those of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were high, during relatively heavy bicycle-ergometer exercise under relatively low Na intake (100 mmol/d).

Equilibrium energy intake estimated by dietary energy intake and body weight changes in young Japanese females.

To determine the energy intake (EI) required to maintain body weight (equilibrium energy intake: EEI), we investigated the relationship between calculated energy intake and body weight changes in female subjects participating in 14 human balance studies (n=149) conducted at the National Institute of Health and Nutrition (Tokyo). In four and a half studies (n=43), sweat was collected from the arm to estimate loss of minerals through sweating during exercise on a bicycle ergometer; these subjects were classified in the exercise group (Ex G). In nine and a half experiments (n=106) subjects did not exercise, and were classified in the sedentary group (Sed G).

Estimated equilibrated dietary intakes for nine minerals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) adjusted by mineral balance medians in young Japanese females.

The present study sought to determine estimated equilibrated dietary intakes (EEDIs) for nine essential minerals: sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn), using data from 17 human mineral balance studies conducted from 1986 to 2007 (subjects=178). Among these studies, two used male subjects, two subjected some or all subjects to sodium restriction, and one study utilized a low protein diet; these subjects were not included in the present analysis. Consequently, data from 13 studies of young female subjects (n=131) consuming a standard diet were selected.

Summer treatment program for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Japanese experience in 5 years.

In 2005 we established the first American-style summer treatment program (STP) for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) located outside North America. This program was based on methods established by professor Pelham and has been used in a number of studies and at a number of sites in the USA. A total of 137 children diagnosed with ADHD, ranging in age from 6 to 12 years, participated in at least one of five annual summer treatment programs in Kurume city, Japan, during 2005-2009.

Inhibitory effect of oxycoumarins isolated from the Thai medicinal plant Clausena guillauminii on the inflammation mediators, iNOS, TNF-alpha, and COX-2 expression in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7.

In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of the known oxycoumarins poncitrin (3), osthol (4), and xanthoxyletin (5), newly isolated from Clausena guillauminii (Rutaceae), together with the known carbazoles heptaphylline (1) and 7-methoxyheptaphylline (2) on inducible-nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the NO generation in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. Isolation of active oxycoumarins was guided by Western blot analysis of iNOS protein expression.

Inhibitory effect of the extracts from Thai medicinal plants on iNOS expression in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7.

In the present study, we screened the inhibitory effect of the extract from 50 Thai medicinal plants on an inducible-nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mouse macrophages RAW 264.7. From this screening, the extracts of root bark of Clausena guillauminii, C.

The structure-activity relationship between oxycoumarin derivatives showing inhibitory effects on iNOS in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells.

We have investigated the structure-activity relationship between 63 natural oxycoumarin derivatives and their effects on the expression of inducible-nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induced by lipopolysaccharide. The protein expression of iNOS was screened by Western blot analysis, and four 5,7-dimethoxycoumarins were selected as potent inhibitors of iNOS expression. In terms of structural specificity, the methoxyl group on C-5 and C-7 and the short alkyl chain (1-5 carbons) on C-6 may be essential for the potent activities.

Equilibrium intakes of calcium and magnesium within an adequate and limited range of sodium intake in human.

In the previous analysis of our human mineral balance studies, we demonstrated positive correlations between the balances of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) intake in the range of 3.06 and 4.06 g/d or 43.

Molybdenum balance in healthy young Japanese women.

The absorption and balance of molybdenum (Mo) were examined in 43 healthy young Japanese women in four metabolic studies performed once a year from 2001 to 2004. In each year, an 18-d metabolic study, including two successive balance study sessions of 4 d, was designed and four kinds of dietary menus were supplied to the subjects periodically. Since the protein sources of the menus were specified in 2001-2003, and soybean products were poor in 2001 and 2002 and rich in the 2003, Mo intake in 2001 and 2002 was about 150microg/d while that in 2003 reached 318microg/d.

Moisture and mineral content of human feces--high fecal moisture is associated with increased sodium and decreased potassium content--.

Background: The origin of moisture in diarrhea feces is unknown but may represent the unabsorbed part of intestinal contents or alternatively, body fluid excreted into the digestive canal. If the latter mechanism contributes to moisture in the feces, active transport of water (H2O) associated with ion exchange channels may be involved.

Objective: To investigate this possibility we measured the content of moisture and minerals (sodium [Na], potassium [K], calcium [Ca], magnesium [Mg], phosphorus [P], zinc [Zn], iron [Fe], copper [Cu] and manganese [Mn]) in feces collected during a 12-d metabolic study on 11 young Japanese female students.

Effects of a 21 day metabolic study on serum opsonic activity in female college students, assessed by a chemiluminescence technique.

A metabolic study to evaluate nutritional balance, in which subjects have to eat all the foods supplied and maintain a set schedule, is thought to be stressful for the subjects. The effects of stress on the immune system have been studied extensively. However, there are no studies of non-specific immunological changes during a metabolic study.

Positive correlation between dietary intake of sodium and balances of calcium and magnesium in young Japanese adults--low sodium intake is a risk factor for loss of calcium and magnesium--.

The content of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in sweat during exercise is considerably higher during a relatively low intake of sodium (Na) of 100 mmol/d than with an intake of 170 mmol/d. For this reason and also because Ca and Mg have a negative balance with a Na intake of 100 mmol/d, we analyzed the relationship between Na intake and balances of Ca and Mg in data from 11 balance studies. From 1986 to 2000, 109 volunteers (23 males, 86 females) with an age range of 18 to 28 y took part in mineral balance studies.

Sodium and potassium balances in Japanese young adults.

This study was conducted to estimate the requirements of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) in Japanese young adults. From 1986 to 2000, 109 volunteers (23 males, 86 females), ranging from 18 to 28 y old, took part in 11 mineral balance studies after written informed consent had been obtained. The duration of the study periods ranged from 5 to 12 d, with a 2-4 d adaptation period.

Balance of magnesium positively correlates with that of calcium.

Background And Objective: In a prior study, we showed no significant relationship between intake and balance of magnesium (Mg). Subsequent further investigation disclosed that intakes of both Ca and P were positively correlated with their respective balances, whereas intake of Mg did not show any significant correlation with Mg balance. In this paper, we show positive correlations between intake of Mg and balances of both Ca and P.

Negative balance of calcium and magnesium under relatively low sodium intake in humans.

The balance of minerals (sodium [Na], potassium [K], calcium [Ca], and magnesium [Mg]) was measured in six female students for 10 d while under a relatively low Na intake (100 mmol/d or 2.2 g/d) with receiving adequate Ca (20 mmol/d or 800 mg/d) and Mg (12 mmol/d or 280 mg/d). Both the plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone level were above the reference ranges throughout the experiment, which implied that the subjects were Na deficient.

Effects of stress on the urinary excretory pattern of niacin catabolites, the most reliable index of niacin status, in humans.

Urinary output of water-soluble vitamins has been used as an indices for vitamin nutrition. It has been pointed out that the coefficient variance of these values is high, especially for niacin catabolites. Thus, we investigated what kinds of stress affect the catabolism using female subjects.

Diurnal variations in human urinary excretion of nicotinamide catabolites: effects of stress on the metabolism of nicotinamide.

Background: More than 500 enzymes need niacin coenzymes. Therefore, elucidation of the control mechanisms of coenzyme metabolism is fundamentally important.

Objective: NAD(+) is involved in ATP production.