A Diagnostic Impact of Serum Autotaxin Levels in Patients with Bone Marrow Fibrosis.

Background: Bone marrow (BM) fibrosis is a condition characterized by deposition of reticulin and collagen fibers in BM. It may confer a poor prognosis in some of hematological malignancies. However, the relationship between fibrosis and the disease pathology is not fully understood and no biomarkers for BM fibrosis are available in clinical practice.

Diagnostic utility of programmed cell death ligand 1 (clone SP142) immunohistochemistry for malignant lymphoma and lymphoproliferative disorders: A brief review.

The programmed cell death 1 (PD1)/PD1 ligand (PD-L1) axis plays an important role in tumor cell escape from immune control and has been most extensively investigated for therapeutic purposes. However, PD-L1 immunohistochemistry is still not used widely for diagnosis. We review the diagnostic utility of PD-L1 (by clone SP142) immunohistochemistry in large-cell lymphomas, mainly consisting of classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

Lymphocyte-depleted classic Hodgkin lymphoma with primary extranodal disease: Two cases that highlight the combination of immunodeficiency and immune escape in the pathogenesis.

Neoplastic programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, activated by PD-L1 gene alterations, is strongly associated with classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). This association enabled a diagnostic consensus for lymphocyte-depleted CHL (LD-CHL), a previously enigmatic disease. We describe two patients with LD-CHL and primary extranodal disease.

CCR4-positive peripheral T-cell lymphoma presenting as eosinophilic pneumonia and developing from prolonged pustular psoriasis.

A 29-year-old woman with chronic, prolonged pustular psoriasis was admitted to our hospital because of high-grade fever and a systemic skin rash. General examination revealed a whole-body skin rash and superficial lymphadenopathy. Peripheral blood examination showed unclassified cells positive for CD3, CD4, and T-cell receptor αβ, and negative for CD20 and CD56.

DA-EPOCH-R combined with high-dose methotrexate in patients with newly diagnosed stage II-IV CD5-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a single-arm, open-label, phase II study.

CD5-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (CD5+ DLBCL) is characterized by poor prognosis and a high frequency of central nervous system relapse after standard immunochemotherapy. We conducted a phase II study to investigate the efficacy and safety of dose-adjusted (DA)- EPOCH-R (etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and rituximab) combined with high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) in newly diagnosed patients with CD5+ DLBCL. Previously untreated patients with stage II to IV CD5+ DLBCL according to the 2008 World Health Organization classification were eligible.

Age-related EBV-associated B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders and other EBV + lymphoproliferative diseases: New insights into immune escape and immunodeficiency through staining with anti-PD-L1 antibody clone SP142.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is prevalent among healthy individuals, and is implicated in numerous reactive and neoplastic processes in the immune system. The authors originally identified a series of senile or age-related EBV-associated B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) bearing a resemblance to immunodeficiency-associated ones. These LPDs may be associated with immune senescence and are now incorporated into the revised 4th edition of 2017 WHO lymphoma classification as EBV-positive (EBV+) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), not otherwise specified (NOS).

Syncytial variant of classic Hodgkin lymphoma: Four cases diagnosed with the aid of CD274/programmed cell death ligand 1 immunohistochemistry.

Although several reports have highlighted neoplastic PD-L1 (nPD-L1) expression in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL), some have addressed associations between its expression and detailed histopathologic features. Here we describe four cases of syncytial variant of CHL (SV-CHL), with and without Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) association, and highlight the diagnostic utility of PD-L1 (clone SP142) immunohistochemistry. The patients were a 61-year-old male, 45-year-old male, 85-year-old female, and 89-year-old female.

Diagnostic utility of programmed cell death ligand 1 (clone SP142) in mediastinal composite lymphoma: A report of two cases.

Composite lymphoma is a well-known diagnostic entity exhibiting the synchronous occurrence of two or more distinct types of lymphomas in the same specimen. Here we report two patients, a 14-year-old female (Case 1) and a 45-year-old male (Case 2), with mediastinal composite lymphoma, comprising nodular sclerosis classic Hodgkin lymphoma (NSCHL) and primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBL). Both patients had a mediastinal mass, and manifested two different histologic components in the same biopsy, one characteristic of NSCHL and the other PMBL.

Anaplastic variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: Reappraisal as a nodal disease with sinusoidal involvement.

Anaplastic variant (av) of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is morphologically defined in the 2017 World Health Organization classification, but still an enigmatic disease in its clinicopathologic distinctiveness, posing the differential diagnostic problem from gray zone lymphoma (GZL) and classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). Thirty-one cases previously diagnosed as avDLBCL were reassessed. Of these, 27 (87%) and 4 (13%) were node-based and extranodal diseases, respectively.

Improved prognosis of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type of nasal origin but not extranasal origin.

Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (NKTCL), nasal type (ENKL) that shows no apparent nasal involvement, is termed extranasal NKTCL or non-nasal NKTCL. In this study, we aimed to explore therapeutic approaches and outcomes in patients with extranasal NKTCL in current clinical practice. A data set of patients with newly diagnosed NKTCL who were diagnosed at 31 institutes in Japan between 2000 and 2013 was used for analysis.

Human leukocyte antigen class II expression is a good prognostic factor in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.

Attenuated human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I expression is implicated as a major immune escape mechanism in several types of tumor. We previously reported that HLA class I/β2 microglobulin and programmed death ligand-1 expression are prognostic factors in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. A recent report suggested that HLA class II expression is also an important prognostic factor for the clinical outcome of programmed death-1 blockade therapy in recurrent/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma.

Immune evasion-related extranodal large B-cell lymphoma: A report of six patients with neoplastic PD-L1-positive extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

We identified six patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 on their tumor cells by examining 283 DLBCL cases with the PD-L1 SP142 clone between 2015 and 2017. They consisted of two men and four women with a median age of 71 years, and were examined in an autopsy (n = 1) and biopsies from the adrenal gland (n = 2), skin (n = 1), pelvic cavity (n = 1), and kidney (n = 1). All showed a monomorphic population of large transformed B-cells leading to diagnoses of DLBCL with two intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) and one de novo CD5+ type and were featured by an invariable immunephenotype: CD3-, CD20+, BCL-2+, and MUM1+.

Reappraisal of nodal Epstein-Barr Virus-negative cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma: Identification of indolent CD5 diseases.

Nodal cytotoxic molecule (CM)-positive peripheral T-cell lymphoma (CTL) has recently been recognized as a clinicopathologically distinct disease. To further characterize this disease, here we compared 58 patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative CTL to 48 patients with EBV-positive CTL. The two groups did not differ in histopathology, T-cell receptor (TCR) expression or rearrangement incidences, or survival curves.

Early disease progression in patients with localized natural killer/T-cell lymphoma treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Prognosis of patients with localized nasal extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL) has been improved by non-anthracycline-containing treatments such as concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). However, some patients experience early disease progression. To clarify the clinical features and outcomes of these patients, data from 165 patients with localized nasal ENKL who were diagnosed between 2000 and 2013 at 31 institutes in Japan and who received radiotherapy with dexamethasone, etoposide, ifosfamide, and carboplatin (RT-DeVIC) were retrospectively analyzed.

Anaplastic variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with hallmark cell appearance: Two cases highlighting a broad diversity in the diagnostics.

The anaplastic variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (A-DLBCL) is morphologically defined but remains an enigmatic disease in its clinicopathologic distinctiveness. Here, we report two cases involving Japanese women aged 59 years, both with A-DLBCL with the hallmark cell appearance and both indistinguishable from common and giant cell-rich patterns, respectively, of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Case 1 was immunohistochemically positive for CD20, CD79a and OCT-2 but not for the other pan-B-cell markers, CD30 and ALK.

Immunohistochemical assessment of the diagnostic utility of PD-L1: a preliminary analysis of anti-PD-L1 antibody (SP142) for lymphoproliferative diseases with tumour and non-malignant Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg (HRS)-like cells.

Aims: The programmed death 1 (PD1)/PD1 ligand (PD-L1) axis plays an important role in tumour cells escape from immune control. PD-L1 immunohistochemistry is a useful predictor of immunotherapy response, but is still not used widely in the diagnostic setting. Here we describe results using PD-L1 immunohistochemistry during routine diagnostics in lymphoma.