Ectopic dorsal root ganglion in cauda equina mimicking schwannoma in a child.

Background: A heterotopic dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is sometimes observed in the vicinity of dysplastic neural structures during surgery for open spinal dysraphism; however, it is rarely associated with closed spinal dysraphism. Distinguish from neoplasms by preoperative imaging study is difficult. Although the embryopathogenesis of a heterotopic DRG has been speculated to be migration disorder of neural crest cells from primary neural tube, its details remain unelucidated.

Neoadjuvant androgen-deprivation therapy with radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer in association with age and serum testosterone.

Background: We aimed to identify the candidate prostate cancer patients suitable for neoadjuvant androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) with radical prostatectomy (RP).

Materials And Methods: This study included 711 Japanese patients with clinically localized prostate cancer who were treated with RP between 2000 and 2013. Patients were treated with or without neoadjuvant ADT before RP.

Prognostic and Predictive Factors for Anti-androgen Withdrawal in Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.

Background/aim: We aimed to identify prognostic and predictive factors for anti-androgen withdrawal syndrome (AWS) to help guide decisions on anti-androgen withdrawal in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Patients And Methods: This study included 95 patients with prostate cancer which progressed to CRPC despite primary androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). AWS was defined as >50% prostate-specific antigen decline after anti-androgen withdrawal.

Differential Risk of Castration Resistance After Initial Radical Prostatectomy or Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer.

Background/aim: Salvage androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is standard treatment for recurrent prostate cancer after curative therapy. However, the prognostic impact of different treatment modalities on the time to castration resistance remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the prognosis of men treated with salvage ADT after initial radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy for prostate cancer.