Post-extubation dysphagia in pediatric trauma patients: a single-center case-series study.

We aimed to investigate whether ventilator support time influences the occurrence of dysphagia in pediatric trauma patients. This case-series study was conducted in a single pediatric emergency and critical care center from April 2012 to March 2022. Trauma patients aged < 16 years who underwent tracheal intubation were divided into two groups based on the occurrence of dysphagia within 72 h after extubation, and their data were analyzed.

Oral to nasal endotracheal tube exchange using tracheal tube guide and video laryngoscope in a pediatric patient with facial burns: a case report.

Background: Airway management in children with severe burns is difficult because of airway edema and prolonged duration of ventilatory management. There is insufficient evidence to suggest that tracheostomy is beneficial for children.

Case Presentation: A male child aged 1 year and 4 months was injured when he accidentally fell into a bathtub filled with boiling water.

Paediatric progressive primary tuberculosis.

A previously healthy 13-year-old Japanese girl with a BCG vaccination history and no tuberculosis (TB) exposure history presented to the hospital with mild dyspnea for 1 month and fever for 5 days. Computed tomography showed consolidation with a pleural effusion, obstructed left main bronchus with an air bronchogram, and traction bronchiectasis of the left upper lobe (Fig. 1A, B).

Simplified Clinical Decision Rule Using Clinically Important Events for Risk Prediction in Pediatric Head Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Computed tomography (CT) scans are useful for confirming head injury diagnoses. However, there is no standard clinical decision rule (CDR) for determining the need for CT scanning in pediatric patients with head injuries. We developed a CDR and conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate its diagnostic accuracy in identifying children with clinically important traumatic brain injury (ciTBI).

Transcatheter arterial embolisation is efficient and safe for paediatric blunt torso trauma: a case-control study.

Background: It remains unclear whether transcatheter arterial embolisation (TAE) is as safe and effective for paediatric patients with blunt torso trauma as it is for adults in Japan, owing to few trauma cases and sporadic case reports. The study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of TAE performed in paediatric (age ≤ 15 years) and adult patients with blunt torso trauma.

Methods: This was a single-centre, retrospective chart review study that included blunt torso trauma patients who underwent TAE in the trauma centre from 2012 to 2017.

Successful Management of Airway and Esophageal Foreign Body Obstruction in a Child.

Foreign body asphyxia is a serious clinical problem with high morbidity and mortality rates. It is relatively common among children, especially those younger than 3 years, because they have a high risk of aspirating foreign bodies owing to their tendency to place objects in their mouth and lack of a well-developed swallowing reflex. Moreover, the neurologic outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) in pediatric patients remains generally poor.

Cardiopulmonary failure as a result of brainstem encephalitis caused by enterovirus D68.

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) causes respiratory illnesses such as pneumonia, and has been reported to cause acute flaccid myelitis. Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is known to cause cardiopulmonary failure due to brainstem encephalitis, but there have been few reports of these conditions being associated with EV-D68. Outbreaks of EV-D68 infection have occurred in the USA, Canada, Europe and Asia.

Effects of establishing a trauma center on the mortality rate among injured pediatric patients in Japan.

Introduction: It remains unclear whether trauma centers are effective for the treatment of injured pediatric patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate children's mortality before and after the establishment a trauma center by using standard mortality ratios (SMR) and a modified observed-expected chart.

Methods: This was a single center, retrospective chart review study that included injured pediatric patients (age <16 years) who were transported to our trauma center by the emergency medical services from 2012 to 2016 in Japan.

Introduction of Pediatric Physiological and Anatomical Triage Score in Mass-Casualty Incident.

Background: Triage has an important role in providing suitable care to the largest number of casualties in a disaster setting, but there are no secondary triage methods suitable for children. This study developed a new secondary triage method named the Pediatric Physiological and Anatomical Triage Score (PPATS) and compared its accuracy with current triage methods.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of pediatric patients under 16 years old transferred to an emergency center from 2014 to 2016 was performed.