Chemoselective Hydrogenolysis of Urethanes to Formamides and Alcohols in the Presence of More Electrophilic Carbonyl Compounds.

The development of methods for the chemical recycling of polyurethanes is recognized as an urgent issue. Herein, we report the Ir-catalyzed hydrogenolysis of the urethane C-O bond to produce formamides and alcohols, where both formamides and ester and amide functionalities are tolerated. The chemoselectivity observed is counterintuitive to the generally accepted electrophilicity order of carbonyl compounds.

Chemoselectivity change in catalytic hydrogenolysis enabling urea-reduction to formamide/amine over more reactive carbonyl compounds.

The selective transformation of a less reactive carbonyl moiety in the presence of more reactive ones can realize straightforward and environmentally benign chemical processes. However, such a transformation is highly challenging because the reactivity of carbonyl compounds, one of the most important functionalities in organic chemistry, depends on the substituents on the carbon atom. Herein, we report an Ir catalyst for the selective hydrogenolysis of urea derivatives, which are the least reactive carbonyl compounds, affording formamides and amines.

Effects of pitavastatin on walking capacity and CD34/133 cell number in patients with peripheral artery disease.

This multi-center prospective non-randomized comparative study investigated the effects of pitavastatin in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) in terms of exercise tolerance capacities and peripheral CD34/133 cell numbers. At baseline, a peripheral blood test was administered to 75 patients with PAD, along with a treadmill exercise test using the Skinner-Gardner protocol to measure asymptomatic walking distance (AWD) and maximum walking distance (MWD). Each patient was assigned to a 6-month pitavastatin treatment group (n = 53) or a control group (n = 22), according to the patient's preference.

Over-expression of Kv1.5 in rat cardiomyocytes extremely shortens the duration of the action potential and causes rapid excitation.

Background: Genetically abnormal action potential duration (APD) can be a cause of arrhythmias that include long and short QT interval syndrome.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the arrhythmogenic effect of short QT syndrome induced by the over-expression of Kv1.5 in rat.