Synthesis and characterization of a novel F-labeled 2,5-diarylnicotinamide derivative targeting orexin 2 receptor.

Orexin 2 receptor (OXR) is thought to play an important role in the arousal-promoting function, but its distribution and function in the pathophysiology of orexin-mediated disorders remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, we synthesized and characterized a novel F-labeled 2,5-diarylnicotinamide (DAN) derivative as a potential positron emission tomography (PET) probe for imaging of OXR. In binding experiments, [F]DAN-1 selectively bound to OXR.

Efficacy and toxicity profiles of two chemoradiotherapies for stage II laryngeal cancer - a comparison between late course accelerated hyperfractionation (LCAHF) and conventional fractionation (CF).

Objective: To evaluate the treatment results of late course accelerated hyperfractionation (LCAHF) compared with conventional fractionation (CF) for stage II laryngeal cancer.

Methods: Fifty-nine consecutive patients treated for stage II laryngeal cancer were retrospectively reviewed. Thirty-two patients underwent LCAHF, twice-daily fractions during the latter half with a total dose of 69 Gy.

Site-specific analysis of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the head and neck: A retrospective 10-year observation.

Conclusion: B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL) in the head and neck most commonly affected the oropharynx and the cervical lymph node in sexagenarian patients, with more than 70% of these cases being diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Accordingly, B-NHL should be considered one of the most important differential diagnoses of head and neck malignancies.

Objectives: It has previously been reported that the majority of head and neck malignant lymphomas are B-NHLs.

Practical 3DCT imaging of the vestibular aqueduct for Meniere's disease.

Conclusion: Radiographic visualization of the vestibular aqueduct (VA) from a lateral inside view was effective in assessing patients with Meniere's disease (MD). There were no VA shapes specific to MD on radiography, except for an obliterated VA. This technique could yield more accurate images and functional assessment of the VA for MD evaluation in a clinically useful and convenient manner, without requiring morphologic measurement.

A clinical study of malignant tumors of Stensen's duct.

Conclusion: Malignant tumors of Stensen's duct are often squamous cell carcinomas. Surgery is the treatment of choice, and maintaining an adequate safety margin and performing parotidectomy may help to reduce postoperative recurrence.

Objectives: Since malignant tumors of Stensen's duct are extremely rare, the number of cases is limited in single-facility studies, making it difficult to perform a sufficient number of clinical examinations.

Three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography imaging of the membranous labyrinth in patients with Meniere's disease.

Conclusion: Three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (3DCT) images revealed characteristic malformations of the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear in Meniere's disease (MD). The morphology of the membranous region between the vestibular cecum of the cochlea and the saccule of ears with MD was compared to that of healthy ears. The present study supports the hypothesis proposed earlier that reuniting duct blockade is a result of the dislodgement of saccular otoconia.

Metagenome fragment classification based on multiple motif-occurrence profiles.

A vast amount of metagenomic data has been obtained by extracting multiple genomes simultaneously from microbial communities, including genomes from uncultivable microbes. By analyzing these metagenomic data, novel microbes are discovered and new microbial functions are elucidated. The first step in analyzing these data is sequenced-read classification into reference genomes from which each read can be derived.

Evaluation of usefulness of fine-needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of tumours of the accessory parotid gland: a preliminary analysis of a case series in Japan.

Conclusion: The accuracy and sensitivity of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in this analysis were not satisfactory, and the false-negative rate seemed to be higher than for parotid tumours. The possibility of low-grade malignancy should be considered in the surgical treatment of accessory parotid gland (APG) tumours, even if the preoperative results of FNAC suggest that the tumour is benign.

Objectives: Little is known about the usefulness of FNAC in the preoperative evaluation of APG tumours, probably due to the paucity of APG tumour cases.

Endoscopic resection of a vocal cord polyp with a bipolar snare in a patient with cervical disc herniation.

A 55-year-old male with progressively worsening hoarseness was found to have a vocal cord polyp of >10 mm in diameter on the right true cord. It was necessary to remove the polyp in order to prevent airway obstruction by prolapse. However, the patient was a poor candidate for resection by standard otolaryngologic procedures because of the large size of the polyp and because he had a symptomatic cervical disc herniation.

[Clinical features of accessory parotid gland tumors].

Accessory parotid gland tumors are relatively rare; hence, adequately detailed clinical analyses of these tumors are difficult to perform at a single institution. In this report, we describe the findings for 65 patients [29 men, 36 women; median age, 51 (9-81) years] with accessory parotid gland tumors, consisting of 4 cases documented by us and 61 cases previously reported by other Japanese authors. Approximately 50% of the patients were treated in an otolaryngology department, while the remaining patients were treated in plastic surgery, oral surgery, or dermatology departments.

Clinical analysis of 21 cases of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis without active pulmonary lesion.

Conclusion: The necessity of considering cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis (CTL) should be emphasized even today for the differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy, particularly when it is located in the posterior triangle and supraclavicular regions even in patients without active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).

Objective: This study was conducted to highlight the characteristics of patients with CTL without active PTB who were treated in our department.

Methods: Between 2004 and 2011, 21 cases of CTL without active PTB were included in this retrospective study.

Twelve-year-old girl with intracranial epidural abscess and sphenoiditis.

We report the case of a 12-year-old girl with an intracranial epidural abscess and sphenoiditis. Although she had no history of sinusitis, she developed acute severe headache, fever, and vomiting. Emergent CT and MRI showed a spherical space-occupying lesion of diameter 3 cm in the right cranial fossa with rim enhancement.

Anatomic distribution of hematolymphoid malignancies in the head and neck: 7 years of experience with 122 patients in a single institution.

Conclusion: Most hematolymphoid malignancies in the head and neck were malignant lymphomas that most often occurred in sexagenarian men. Approximately 80% of them were B-cell lymphomas with a predominance of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in both nodal and extranodal sites. Our results were compatible with those in a previous study that was conducted in the central part of Japan.

[Solitary hyoid bone metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma treated with surgery].

The incidence of bone metastasis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has reportedly been increasing. The hyoid bone is rarely a target of metastatic HCC. We present a unique case of HCC which showed a single distant metastasis to the hyoid bone.

[Tracheal cartilaginous sleeve in craniosynostosis].

Tracheal cartilaginous sleeve (TCS) is a congenital malformation involving fusion of the tracheal arches that may be isolated to a few tracheal arches, include the entire trachea, or extend beyond the carina into the bronchi. Tracheotomy was required in 9 of 23 craniosynostosis cases undergoing gradual distraction at Osaka City General Hospital from March 2002 to April 2006. TCS was diagnosed in 5 of 9 cases-four Pfeiffer patients and one Crouzon patient.