Spatial Characteristics of the Efflux Pump MexB Determine Inhibitor Binding.

The multidrug efflux transporters MexB and MexY in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and AcrB in Escherichia coli contribute to these organisms' multidrug resistance. Efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) ABI-PP inhibits MexB and AcrB, but not MexY. We previously determined the structure of ABI-PP bound to the hydrophobic trap (the inhibitor-binding pit) of AcrB and MexB.

Identification of Genetic Variants Bacterial Respiration Gas Analysis.

Indole is a signal molecule derived from the conversion of tryptophan, and it is present in bacterial respiratory gas. Besides influencing bacterial growth, indole exhibits effects on human health, including a positive effect on inflammation and protection against pathogens. However, a high fecal indole concentration (FIC) can suggest an unbalanced gut flora or the presence of certain pathogens.

A large hepatic cyst with obstructive jaundice successfully treated with single-incision laparoscopic deroofing.

We herein present a case of hepatic cysts causing obstructive jaundice that was treated with single-incision laparoscopic deroofing. A 72-year-old female patient was referred to hospital due to a large hepatic cyst that compressed the intrahepatic bile ducts. The patient was scheduled to undergo single-incision laparoscopic deroofing.