Publications by authors named "Naoki Furuya"
Objectives: The lack of definitive biomarkers presents a significant challenge for chemo-immunotherapy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). We aimed to identify key genes associated with chemo-immunotherapy efficacy in ES-SCLC through comprehensive gene expression analysis using machine learning (ML).
Methods: A prospective multicenter cohort of patients with ES-SCLC who received first-line chemo-immunotherapy was analyzed.
Background: Cancer-associated thromboembolism has been thoroughly investigated in previous studies, and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) were established for the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the risks of cancer-associated arterial thromboembolism (ATE) and the efficacy of DOACs remain unclear.
Objectives: To evaluate the risk factors and the clinical activity of edoxaban (EDO) for the prevention of ATE in patients with advanced lung cancer.
Article Synopsis
- This study explored the effectiveness and safety of combining chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with local consolidative therapy (LCT) for patients with Stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and oligometastases.
- During the Phase II trial involving 19 patients, the treatment resulted in a 58% response rate, median progression-free survival of 8.6 months, and a two-year survival rate of 68.4%.
- The findings suggest that this aggressive treatment approach may prolong survival and improve local control without severe adverse events.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates long-term outcomes of chemoimmunotherapy for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) using a large cohort of patients over a minimum follow-up period of 3 years.
- Most participants were trial-eligible, with significantly better overall survival rates compared to those who were not, highlighting the impact of eligibility criteria on treatment effectiveness.
- The results underscore the practical implications of long-term outcomes in real-world settings, aiding clinical decisions for managing ES-SCLC patients.
Purpose: Rearranged during transfection (RET) aberrations represent a targetable oncogene in several tumor types, with RET inhibitors displaying marked efficacy. However, some patients with RET-aberrant cancer are insensitive to RET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Recently, drug-tolerant mechanisms have attracted attention as targets for initial therapies to overcome drug resistance.
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- The study investigated the role of thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) as a predictor for treatment response in advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients undergoing chemotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy with specific levels of PD-L1 expression.
- Out of 624 patients surveyed, 283 met the criteria, revealing that TTF-1 positivity was associated with significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in those receiving chemotherapy, but not in the chemoimmunotherapy group.
- The findings suggest that TTF-1 expression can help predict treatment effectiveness for chemotherapy, while its impact on chemoimmunotherapy remains unclear in patients with PD-L1 levels between
Article Synopsis
- SCLC has traditionally been viewed as a single entity, hindering advances in treatment; however, identifying genetic differences is key to improving patient outcomes.
- A study analyzed over 1000 SCLC samples using genomic screening to identify five distinct genetic subgroups, which can respond differently to therapies, especially targeted treatments.
- The findings indicate that while certain subgroups, like the NSCLC and MYC subgroups, have poorer survival rates with standard treatments, others may benefit from specialized therapies, highlighting the importance of personalized medicine in SCLC management.
Impact of Cachexia and First-Line Systemic Therapy for Previously Untreated Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: NEJ050A.
J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle
December 2024
Article Synopsis
- Cancer cachexia frequently occurs in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its impact on chemotherapy is not fully understood.
- A study involving 887 NSCLC patients identified that 31.7% experienced weight loss indicative of cachexia, with variations in quality of life (QOL) observed across different treatment groups.
- Results showed that quality of life declined more significantly in chemotherapy patients compared to those receiving targeted therapies or immune checkpoint inhibitors, especially within the first week of treatment.
Background: Immune check point inhibitors (ICIs) are standard treatment for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nearly a decade has passed since nivolumab was approved by the FDA for NSCLC patients. However, long-term outcomes and clinical features remain unclear for individual cases.
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- * Various therapies targeting DLL3 include antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs), and CAR T-cell therapies, with tarlatamab showing promising results and currently under FDA review.
- * Ongoing clinical trials are set to assess the effectiveness of DLL3-targeted therapies, including novel T-cell engagers and radiotherapy, emphasizing the need for further research to improve treatment outcomes for SCLC patients.
Objectives: In this study, we explored the clinical outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR Exon20 in-frame insertions (Exon20ins), and the impact of the location of Exon20ins on these clinical outcomes.
Materials And Methods: The efficacies of current systemic therapies in NSCLC patients harboring Exon20ins were investigated using a large-scale clinico-genomic database of LC-SCRUM-Asia, and compared with that of amivantamab in the CHRYSALIS trial.
Results: Of the 11,397 patients enrolled in LC-SCRUM-Asia, Exon20ins were detected in 189 patients (1.
Article Synopsis
- - The study examined the safety of re-administering EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients who had experienced pneumonitis from osimertinib, particularly focusing on the risk of recurrent pneumonitis.
- - Out of 124 patients treated, 54.8% underwent EGFR-TKI rechallenge, with a 27% recurrence rate of pneumonitis within 12 months, showing that patients on osimertinib had a significantly higher risk of recurrence compared to those on older EGFR-TKIs.
- - Findings indicate that osimertinib leads to higher rates of recurrent pneumonitis upon rechallenge compared to traditional EGFR-TKIs, suggesting more caution is
Background: Tissue-based comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) is increasingly being employed for genotype-directed therapies in patients with advanced cancer. However, tissue availability may limit their potential applications. In Japan, the cost of cancer gene panel tests is covered by public insurance for patients diagnosed with advanced solid tumors once in their lifetime.
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- This study investigates solid-predominant lung adenocarcinoma (SPA), a high-risk cancer subtype with poor treatment responses, focusing on identifying its unique protein co-expression networks using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA).
- Researchers analyzed cancerous cells from different lung adenocarcinoma subtypes, employing mass spectrometry and WGCNA to uncover two significant network modules linked to SPA, particularly related to cell growth and immune responses.
- Findings highlighted the enriched expression of specific HLA class I molecules and activation of key oncogenic regulators, suggesting a complex interplay between cancer progression and immune response, with notable implications for the SPA subtype's mutation burden and T cell activation.
Article Synopsis
- The purpose of this guideline is to provide updated, evidence-based treatment recommendations for patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who do not have specific genetic driver alterations.
- The recommendations are based on recent systematic reviews and randomized clinical trials, focusing on both efficacy and safety, and were developed by an Expert Panel with diverse expertise.
- The latest update identified ten new randomized clinical trials and consolidates previous recommendations, covering treatment options for first, second, and subsequent lines of therapy.
Article Synopsis
- The guideline aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for treating stage IV non-small cell lung cancer patients with specific driver alterations.
- It is regularly updated based on systematic reviews of clinical trials, with the latest review covering studies from February to October 2023.
- The latest update identified eight new randomized controlled trials and refined treatment recommendations for different stages of therapy based on targetable driver alterations.
Background: In small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) could be a promising biomarker for immunotherapy, but objectively evaluating TIME remains challenging. Hence, we aimed to develop a predictive biomarker of immunotherapy efficacy through a machine learning analysis of the TIME.
Methods: We conducted a biomarker analysis in a prospective study of patients with extensive-stage SCLC who received chemoimmunotherapy as the first-line treatment.
Recently, novel Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) inhibitors have been clinically developed to treat KRAS G12C-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, achieving complete tumor remission is challenging. Therefore, the optimal combined therapeutic intervention with KRAS G12C inhibitors has a potentially crucial role in the clinical outcomes of patients.
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- - The study examined the timing and effects of durvalumab therapy after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in patients with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
- - Conducted as a phase II clinical trial, 47 out of 50 treated patients showed a 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate of 75.0%, with an objective response rate of 78.7% and a median PFS of 14.2 months.
- - The findings suggest that starting durvalumab immediately after CCRT is both effective and safe, with similar rates of serious side effects like pneumonitis to previous studies.
Article Synopsis
- The study explored the effectiveness of a treatment regimen called ABCP (atezolizumab, bevacizumab, carboplatin, and paclitaxel) for patients with EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after failure of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).
- Results from 60 patients showed a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 7.4 months and median overall survival (OS) of 23.1 months, with an overall response rate (ORR) of 55.9%.
- However, the study did not reach its primary endpoint and indicated that PFS was notably shorter for patients with previous TKI treatment and those with brain or
Article Synopsis
- The KEYNOTE-407 trial established pembrolizumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy as the standard treatment for advanced squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and this study will evaluate the drug ubenimex when combined with this regimen.
- Conducted as a phase II clinical trial, patients will receive ubenimex along with pembrolizumab, nab-paclitaxel, and carboplatin, with a focus on establishing safety and efficacy through systematic dose escalation.
- This trial represents the first investigation of ubenimex in this combination treatment, and its findings could inform future therapeutic approaches for patients with advanced squamous NSCLC.
Background: This study evaluated the non-inferiority of dexamethasone (DEX) on day 1, with sparing on days 2-4 in cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
Methods: Patients with malignant solid tumors who were treated with cisplatin (≥50 mg/m²) were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either DEX on days 1-4 (Arm D4) or DEX on day 1 (Arm D1) plus palonosetron, NK-1 RA, and olanzapine (5 mg). The primary endpoint was complete response (CR) during the delayed (24-120 h) phase.
Introduction: BRAF non-V600E mutations occur in 1% to 2% of NSCLCs. Because of their rarity, the clinical backgrounds and outcomes of cytotoxic chemotherapy or immunotherapy remain unclear, and no targeted therapies are approved for BRAF non-V600E-mutant NSCLC.
Methods: In this multi-institutional prospective lung cancer genomic screening project (LC-SCRUM-Asia), we evaluated the clinicogenomic characteristics and therapeutic outcomes of BRAF non-V600E-mutant NSCLC.
Importance: Chemoimmunotherapy is the standard first-line therapy for patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). However, whether findings from pivotal trials can be extrapolated to the clinical practice setting remains unclear.
Objective: To compare treatment outcome gaps following first-line chemoimmunotherapy for patients with ES-SCLC between those who met and did not meet the eligibility criteria used in previous clinical trials.