Observation of large spin conversion anisotropy in bismuth.

While the effective -factor can be anisotropic due to the spin-orbit interaction (SOI), its existence in solids cannot be simply asserted from a band structure, which hinders progress on studies from such viewpoints. The effective -factor in bismuth (Bi) is largely anisotropic; especially for holes at -point, the effective -factor perpendicular to the trigonal axis is negligibly small (<0.112), whereas the effective -factor along the trigonal axis is very large (62.