Association between passive and active smoking evaluated by salivary cotinine and periodontitis.

Aim: This study attempted to determine the relationship between passive and active smoking on the basis of salivary cotinine levels and periodontitis severity.

Methods: Japanese workers (n=273) were surveyed via an oral examination, a self-administered questionnaire and collection of whole saliva. Probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) served as periodontal parameters.

Determination of smoking and obesity as periodontitis risks using the classification and regression tree method.

Background: A model that focuses on personal risk factors associated with poor lifestyle has been proposed for the etiology of generalized periodontitis. Numerous investigations have linked individual lifestyle-related factors to periodontitis risk; however, a definite relationship among lifestyle-related factors remains unclear. The objective of this study was to determine which lifestyle-related factors demonstrated the greater impact on periodontitis risk.