Amivantamab Plus Lazertinib in Patients With EGFR-mutant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) After Progression on Osimertinib and Platinum-based Chemotherapy: Results From CHRYSALIS-2 Cohort A.

Introduction: Treatment options for patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with disease progression on/after osimertinib and platinum-based chemotherapy are limited.

Methods: CHRYSALIS-2 Cohort A evaluated amivantamab+lazertinib in patients with EGFR exon 19 deletion- or L858R-mutated NSCLC with disease progression on/after osimertinib and platinum-based chemotherapy. Primary endpoint was investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR).

Long-Term Response of Lorlatinib to Leptomeningeal Metastasis in Patients with Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Fusion Positive Non-Small Lung Cancer: A Case Report.

Introduction: Patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are at increased risk of central nervous system (CNS) metastasis at initial diagnosis and throughout treatment. In a phase 3 trial, lorlatinib, a third-generation ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor, significantly improved progression-free survival. In further analysis, lorlatinib revealed superior intracranial efficacy and prolonged time to intracranial progression compared with crizotinib.

Efficacy of chemotherapy plus immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who have rare oncogenic driver mutations: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Targeted therapy is now the standard of care in driver-oncogene-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Its initial clinical effects are remarkable. However, almost all patients experience treatment resistance to targeted therapy.

The incidence of drug-induced interstitial lung disease caused by epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors or immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with non-small cell lung cancer in presence and absence of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors: a systematic review.

Unlabelled: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) or pneumonitis caused by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) or immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is a major concern in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Whether the addition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors can reduce the incidence of drug-induced ILD remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review to assess the incidence of ILD induced by EGFR-TKIs or ICIs in the presence or absence of VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors in relevant randomized trials between January 2009 and October 2023.

Atezolizumab and nintedanib in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and interstitial lung disease.

In patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), pre-existing interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a risk factor for the development of pneumonitis induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Anti-fibrotic agents, including nintedanib, reduce the potential for acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, whether nintedanib can reduce the potential for ICI-induced pneumonitis is unknown.

Elements of End-of-Life Discussions Associated With Patients' Reported Outcomes and Actual End-of-Life Care in Patients With Pretreated Lung Cancer.

Background: End-of-life discussions for patients with advanced cancer are internationally recommended to ensure consistency of end-of-life care with patients' values. This study examined the elements of end-of-life discussions associated with end-of-life care.

Materials And Methods: We performed a prospective observational study among consecutive patients with pretreated non-small cell lung cancer after the failure of first-line chemotherapy.

The effect of inheritance of IgE responsiveness on the susceptibility of mice to infection.

IgE antibodies are likely involved in host protection. is a helminth that induces protection through IgE antibodies. The present study examined susceptibility in high and low IgE responder mice, with a specific focus on the inheritance of IgE responsiveness, which controls IgE production specific for the IgE isotype and non-specific for antigens.

Emerging therapies for non-small cell lung cancer harboring EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations: narrative review.

Background And Objective: Epidermal growth factor receptor () exon 20 insertion mutations (ex20ins) are uncommon in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These mutations are generally resistant to first-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, unlike common mutations, including exon 19 deletions or exon 21 L858R point mutation. The development of effective targeted therapies for NSCLC harboring EGFR ex20ins has been eagerly anticipated over the years.

Prognostic Awareness and Discussions of Incurability in Patients with Pretreated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Caregivers: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Although patients with advanced cancer often have poor prognostic awareness, the most effective communication approach for improving prognostic awareness is unclear. In addition, the association between prognostic awareness and preferences for future medical treatment remains unexplored.

Materials And Methods: We performed a prospective observational study of consecutive patients with advanced or post-operative recurrent non-small cell lung cancer whose disease had progressed after first-line chemotherapy, and their caregivers.

Risk factors for pneumonitis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors plus chemotherapy: A retrospective analysis.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy plus chemotherapy has become a standard of care for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Pre-existing interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a risk factor for drug-induced pneumonitis caused by chemotherapy or ICI monotherapy. However, clinical data in patients with pre-existing ILD who received ICI therapy plus chemotherapy are limited.

Clinical features of patients with small cell lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treated with chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.

Background: The clinical features of patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have not been fully elucidated.

Patients And Methods: Data on 366 patients with pathologically confirmed SCLC who had been treated with chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy were retrospectively analyzed to investigate the clinical features of SCLC with IPF.

Results: A total of 97 out of the 366 patients were diagnosed with interstitial lung disease (ILD), and 75 of them had IPF.

Efficacy of local therapy for oligoprogressive disease after programmed cell death 1 blockade in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have dramatically changed the strategy used to treat patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the vast majority of patients eventually develop progressive disease (PD) and acquire resistance to ICIs. Some patients experience oligoprogressive disease. Few retrospective studies have evaluated clinical efficacy in patients with oligometastatic progression who received local therapy after ICI treatment.

Efficacy and Safety Data of Osimertinib in Elderly Patients with NSCLC Who Harbor the T790M Mutation After Failure of Initial EGFR-TKI Treatment.

Background/aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of osimertinib for elderly patients, since the data remain limited.

Patients And Methods: A total of 77 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M mutation and treated with osimertinib were reviewed. Efficacy and safety indicators, such as EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-related adverse events (AEs) and osimertinib-associated hematotoxicity, were evaluated in elderly patients (elderly group, EG; age, ≥75 years) by comparing them with younger patients (non-EG; aged <75 years).

Histamine Released From Skin-Infiltrating Basophils but Not Mast Cells Is Crucial for Acquired Tick Resistance in Mice.

Ticks are blood-feeding arthropods that can transmit pathogens to humans and animals, leading to serious infectious diseases such as Lyme disease. After single or multiple tick infestation, some animal species develop resistance to tick feeding, leading to reduced risk of pathogen transmission. In mice infested with larval ticks, both mast cells and basophils reportedly play key roles in the manifestation of acquired tick resistance (ATR), but it remains ill-defined how they contribute to it.

The response of common marmoset immunity against cedar pollen extract.

The in vivo model of pollinosis has been established using rodents, but the model cannot completely mimic human pollinosis. We used Callithrix jacchus, the common marmoset (CM), to establish a pollinosis animal model using intranasal weekly administration of cedar pollen extract with cholera toxin adjuvant. Some of the treated CMs exhibited the symptoms of snitching, excess nasal mucus and/or sneezing, but the period was very short, and the symptoms disappeared after several weeks.

Skin CD4 Memory T Cells Play an Essential Role in Acquired Anti-Tick Immunity through Interleukin-3-Mediated Basophil Recruitment to Tick-Feeding Sites.

Ticks, blood-sucking arthropods, serve as vectors for transmission of infectious diseases including Lyme borreliosis. After tick infestation, several animal species can develop resistance to subsequent infestations, reducing the risk of transmission. In a mouse model, basophils reportedly infiltrate tick-feeding sites during the second but not first infestation and play a crucial role in the expression of acquired tick resistance.

Soluble thrombomodulin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is an independent predictor of severe drug-induced lung injury.

Background And Objective: Drug-induced lung injury (DLI) can result from a vast number of agents, and sometimes presents findings similar to those of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Previous studies have reported that circulating levels of soluble thrombomodulin (TM) reflect endothelial injuries, which play key roles in the development of ARDS. We hypothesized that endothelial injuries are an important aspect of pathogenesis in severe DLI.

Mean pulmonary arterial pressure as a prognostic indicator in connective tissue disease associated with interstitial lung disease: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) can develop in connective tissue disease associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD), and contributes to increased morbidity and mortality. However, except for systemic sclerosis and mixed connective tissue disease, the impact of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) on survival in CTD-ILD has not been sufficiently elucidated. We hypothesized that pulmonary arterial pressure may be a prognostic factor in CTD-ILDs regardless of the kind of CTD.

Phase II Study of Carboplatin and Pemetrexed in Advanced EGFR-wild-type Non-squamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: The Central Japan Lung Study Group Trial 0906.

Background: Several pre-clinical and clinical studies suggest a potential predictive role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation in responsiveness to cytotoxic chemotherapy. The aim of this phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pemetrexed-carboplatin combination as first-line chemotherapy in advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) limited to EGFR-wild-type cases.

Patients And Methods: In this single-arm, multicenter clinical trial, patients received pemetrexed (500 mg/m(2)) and carboplatin (area under the curve=6) intravenously on day 1 every 3 weeks for three to six cycles.

Efficacy and Safety of Combined Carboplatin, Paclitaxel, and Bevacizumab for Patients with Advanced Non-squamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer with Pre-existing Interstitial Lung Disease: A Retrospective Multi-institutional Study.

Aim: To investigate the efficacy and safety of carboplatin, paclitaxel, and bevacizumab (CPB) combination chemotherapy in patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with pre-existing interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Patients And Methods: Twenty-five patients with non-squamous NSCLC with ILD who underwent CPB therapy between March 2007 and July 2013 were analyzed for treatment profiles.

Results: The median age was 67 (range=53-79) years and 96% were men.

Second-line docetaxel for patients with platinum-refractory advanced non-small cell lung cancer and interstitial pneumonia.

Purpose: The role of second-line chemotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and preexisting interstitial pneumonia (IP) previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy remains uncertain. This study was conducted to elucidate the efficacy and tolerability of second-line docetaxel monotherapy for patients with platinum-refractory advanced (stage IIIB, IV, or relapse) NSCLC and preexisting IP.

Methods: A total of 35 patients (median age, 67 years) treated with docetaxel monotherapy in a second-line setting following first-line platinum-based chemotherapy between January 2002 and December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed.

Lung-Dominant Connective Tissue Disease: Clinical, Radiologic, and Histologic Features.

Background: Lung-dominant connective tissue disease (LD-CTD) is a disease concept for interstitial pneumonia; however, it has not been robustly validated. This study was conducted to elucidate the clinical, radiologic, and histologic features of LD-CTD.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 44 consecutive patients with serologically defined LD-CTD who underwent surgical lung biopsy.

Docetaxel for platinum-refractory advanced thymic carcinoma.

Objective: Thymic carcinoma is a rare mediastinal neoplasm. While platinum-based chemotherapy has been reported to be effective for advanced thymic carcinoma in a first-line setting, little information is available regarding the benefits of salvage chemotherapy for platinum-refractory thymic carcinoma. This study assessed the efficacy and safety profiles of docetaxel monotherapy for platinum-refractory thymic carcinoma.

Alpha tryptase allele of Tryptase 1 (TPSAB1) gene associated with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) in Vietnam and Philippines.

We previously reported, significantly higher levels of Chymase and Tryptase in early stage plasma of DSS patients prior to the occurrence of shock suggesting a possible role of mast cells in dengue pathogenesis. To further investigate, we analyzed CMA1 promoter SNP (rs1800875) and TPSAB1 gene alleles, which encode the Human Chymase and α- and β- tryptase 1 enzymes respectively, for susceptibility to Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) in patients from hospitals in Vietnam (Ho Chi Minh City and Vinh Long) and the Philippines. While the CMA1 promoter SNP (rs1800875) was not associated with DHF/DSS, the homozygous form of α-tryptase allele was associated with DSS patients in Vinh Long and the Philippines (OR=3.