Clinical impact of a subtype of urothelial carcinoma in nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the oncological outcomes of the subtype of urothelial carcinoma (SUC), including divergent differentiation and histologic subtype, in comparison with those of pure urothelial carcinoma (PUC) in nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients who were initially treated with transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) between March 2005 and August 2020 at a single institution. Patients with PUC and SUC were compared in terms of recurrence-free survival (RFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).

Clinical significance of early kinetics of C‑reactive protein in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma treated with pembrolizumab: Flare response and baseline levels predict oncological outcomes.

Data on the C-reactive protein (CRP) flare response in patients with metastatic and unresectable urothelial carcinoma (mUC) are limited. The present study aimed to clarify the clinical significance of the CRP flare response in patients with mUC who received pembrolizumab. Between March 2018 and December 2022, patients with mUC who received pembrolizumab following chemotherapy were retrospectively reviewed.

Regression and growth rates in androgen deprivation therapy for advanced castration-sensitive prostate cancer.

Purpose: No study has compared cancer regression (d) and growth (g) rates in patients with advanced castration-sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC) treated with androgen deprivation therapy. The comparison of d and g rates provides insight into the differential impact of ADT regimens on tumor dynamics, potentially guiding more personalized treatment strategies. Therefore, we aimed to estimate these rates and evaluate their impact on survival outcomes.

Immunohistochemical Expression of p53 and FGFR3 Predicts Response to Enfortumab Vedotin in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma.

Locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma is a genomically and molecularly heterogeneous disease associated with various clinical outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the association between the status of p53/FGFR3 expression and the efficacy of enfortumab vedotin (EV) in metastatic urothelial carcinoma. We evaluated the association between p53 (abnormal vs.

The Omission of Upfront Treatment Intensification Does Not Adversely Affect Oncological Outcomes in a Subset of Castration-Highly Sensitive Metastatic Prostate Cancer.

Background/aim: In patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC), upfront treatment intensification with the addition of new hormonal agents and/or docetaxel to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is recommended. However, this modality is potentially excessive in a subset of these patients. This study aimed to identify patients who may be eligible to omit upfront treatment intensification.

Docosahexaenoic acid enhances the treatment efficacy for castration-resistant prostate cancer by inhibiting autophagy through Atg4B inhibition.

Autophagy induction in cancer is involved in cancer progression and the acquisition of resistance to anticancer agents. Therefore, autophagy is considered a potential therapeutic target in cancer therapy. In this study, we found that long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) have inhibitory effects on Atg4B, which is essential for autophagosome formation, through screening based on the pharmacophore of 21f, a recently developed Atg4B inhibitor.

Efficacy of avelumab maintenance therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma with histologic subtype and divergent differentiation: a multicenter retrospective study conducted by the Uro-Oncology Group in Kyushu.

Background: The subtype of urothelial carcinoma (SUC) has been known to possess morphological diversity for histologic subtype or divergent differentiation. However, the efficacy of avelumab against SUC remains unclear. Therefore, the effect of the treatment as well as the survival results of avelumab monotherapy were evaluated as a first-line therapeutic maintenance in patients with advanced SUC.

Clinical Outcomes of Enfortumab Vedotin in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma With Prior Avelumab Pembrolizumab Therapy.

Background/aim: This study retrospectively evaluated whether enfortumab vedotin (EV) monotherapy is effective as a late-line treatment according to prior treatment type in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC).

Patients And Methods: We assessed consecutive patients from the Uro-Oncology Group in the Kyushu study population with lower and upper urinary tract cancer treated with EV monotherapy after platinum-based chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy failure between December 2021 and March 2024. In particular, patients receiving avelumab maintenance or pembrolizumab therapy before EV for advanced UC were analyzed and compared according to the response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).

Enfortumab Vedotin for Elderly Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma Patients or Those With a Poor Performance Status.

Background/aim: The efficacy, safety, and liver toxicity of enfortumab vedotin (EV) for elderly advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) patients and patients with a poor performance status (PS) are unclear.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the efficacy, safety, and liver toxicity of EV in elderly patients and patients with a poor PS between December 2021 and August 2023.

Results: Sixty-two patients (≥75 years old, n=22; PS≥2, n=10) were enrolled.

Organ-Specific Tumor Response to Enfortumab Vedotin for Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Introduction: To evaluate the organ-specific therapeutic effect of enfortumab vedotin (EV) after chemotherapy and immunotherapy failed for advanced urothelial carcinoma.

Materials Methods: At 6 institutions between December 2021 and July 2023, we retrospectively analyzed patients with metastatic upper and lower urinary tract cancer who received EV monotherapy after platinum-based chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Objective response rate (ORR) and organ-specific response rate (OSRR) were evaluated according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.

Melatonin Inhibits Chemical Carcinogen-mediated Malignant Transformation of Urothelial Cells: Evidence.

Background/aim: The efficacy of melatonin and its biological significance in human bladder cancer remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the functional role of melatonin in urothelial carcinogenesis.

Materials And Methods: In human normal urothelial SVHUC cells with exposure to the chemical carcinogen 3-methylcholanthrene, we assessed the effects of melatonin on the neoplastic/malignant transformation.

Optimal Number of Cycles of First-line Platinum-based Chemotherapy for Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma.

Background/aim: In recent years, switch maintenance after platinum-based chemotherapy has been a standard of care. However, the appropriate number of systemic chemotherapy cycles against advanced-stage urothelial carcinoma (UC) remains unclear. This study assessed the survival outcomes of first-line platinum-based chemotherapy according to treatment cycles in patients with metastatic disease.

Cutaneous and Renal Toxicities of Enfortumab Vedotin for Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma: The UROKYU Study.

Background/aim: The clinical outcomes associated with cutaneous toxicity and changes in the renal function of patients receiving enfortumab vedotin (EV) for advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) is unclear.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the relationship between clinical outcomes and EV-related cutaneous toxicity, and the influence on the renal function in 58 patients with advanced UC who received EV after the failure of platinum-based chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors from December 2021 to July 2023.

Results: There were no differences in the overall response and disease control rates between patients with any grade of EV-related cutaneous toxicity and without (p=0.

Change in the Neutrophil-to-Eosinophil Ratio After Avelumab Maintenance for Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma: The UROKYU Study.

Background/aim: The association between clinical outcomes and posttreatment changes in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and neutrophil-to-eosinophil ratio (NER) in patients receiving avelumab maintenance therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) is unclear.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from advanced UC patients who received avelumab and had not progressed with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. The association between the changes in NLR and NER from pretreatment to week 6 of avelumab treatment and therapeutic efficacy was evaluated.

Treatment Outcomes of Second-Line Systemic Therapy for Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer: A Report of Four Cases.

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a histological variant of prostate cancer and is characterized by aggressiveness and poor clinical outcomes. NEPC usually develops as a mechanism of treatment resistance in patients receiving hormone therapy for advanced prostate cancer. NEPC is sensitive to primary platinum-based chemotherapy, and has a short response duration.

Mineralocorticoid receptor signaling inhibits bladder cancer progression.

The biological or clinical significance of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in urothelial cancer remains largely unknown. The present study aimed to determine the functional role of MR in bladder cancer progression. In two of the human bladder cancer lines expressing MR, treatment with a natural MR ligand, aldosterone, significantly reduced cell proliferation and migration, which was restored by three MR antagonists clinically used, spironolactone (except colony formation of androgen receptor-positive cells cultured in the presence of androgens), eplerenone, and esaxerenone.

Efficacy of Platinum-based Chemotherapy in Patients With Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma With Variant Histology.

Background/aim: Variant urothelial carcinoma (VUC, defined herein as urothelial carcinoma with any histological variant) is frequently observed at an advanced stage. However, the efficacy of systemic chemotherapy against VUC in metastatic disease has rarely been reported. This study assessed the therapeutic response and survival outcomes of platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment in patients with metastatic VUC.

Prognostic Impact of Histologic Subtype and Divergent Differentiation in Patients with Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Treated with Enfortumab Vedotin: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Subtype of urothelial carcinoma (SUC), defined here as urothelial carcinoma with any histologic subtype or divergent differentiation, is a clinically aggressive disease. However, the efficacy of enfortumab vedotin (EV) against SUC remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to assess the oncological outcomes of patients with SUC treated with EV for metastatic disease.

Mechanism of dentin hardness measurements using a dentin hardness measuring device with a light-emitting diode.

Significance: Managing caries is imperative in a rapidly aging society. Current diagnoses use qualitative indices. However, a quantitative evaluation of hardness in a clinical setting may lead to more accurate diagnoses.

The effect of human leukocyte antigen genotype on survival in advanced prostate cancer treated with primary androgen deprivation therapy: the KYUCOG-1401-A study.

Background: Immune editing, in which human leukocyte antigens (HLA) have critical roles, has been suggested to shape the landscape of human cancer. This study prospectively investigated whether HLA gene zygosity is associated with the prognosis of primary androgen deprivation therapy in advanced prostate cancer.

Methods: KYUCOG-1401-A was conducted in conjunction with a prospective clinical trial (KYUCOG-1401).

Clinicopathological characteristics of adrenocortical carcinoma in the Kyushu-Okinawa area of Japan.

Objective: Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare condition, with limited comprehensive reports from Japan. This study aimed to review Japan's data on adrenocortical carcinoma by assessing information from 46 patients-with adrenocortical carcinoma across 10 Japanese university hospitals.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective multi-institutional analysis of the clinical characteristics of adrenocortical carcinoma in Japan.

GnRH antagonist monotherapy versus a GnRH agonist plus bicalutamide for advanced hormone-sensitive prostate cancer; KYUCOG-1401.

Objectives: To compare the effectiveness and safety of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist monotherapy to combined androgen blockade (CAB) with a GnRH agonist and bicalutamide in patients with advanced hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC).

Methods: The study was conducted as KYUCOG-1401 trial (UMIN000014243) and enrolled 200 patients who were randomly assigned to either group A (GnRH antagonist monotherapy followed by the addition of bicalutamide) or group B (CAB by a GnRH agonist and bicalutamide). The primary endpoint was PSA progression-free survival.