Effectiveness of sequential bilateral repetitive transcranial stimulation versus bilateral theta burst stimulation for patients with treatment-resistant depression (BEAT-D): A randomized non-inferiority clinical trial.

Background: Bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (BL-rTMS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is effective for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Owing to a shorter treatment time, bilateral theta burst stimulation (BL-TBS) can be more efficient protocol. The non-inferiority of BL-TBS to BL-rTMS was established in late-life TRD; however, this has not been determined in adults of other age groups.

The Association between Electroencephalography with Auditory Steady-State Response and Postoperative Delirium.

Delirium is a disorder of consciousness and a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction and poor prognosis. We hypothesized that preoperative gamma activities would be linked to postoperative delirium. We enrolled 71 subjects for elective surgery and recorded auditory steady-state response (ASSR) by electroencephalography (EEG) before the surgery and examined postoperative delirium with DSM-5.

Decrease in gamma-band auditory steady-state response in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia.

Background: Thirty percent of patients with schizophrenia do not respond to non-clozapine antipsychotics and are termed treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). The 40-Hz auditory steady-state response (ASSR) is a well-known to be reduced in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls (HCs), suggesting impaired gamma oscillation in schizophrenia. Given no ASSR study on TRS, we aimed to examine the neurophysiological basis of TRS employing 40-Hz ASSR paradigm.

Insights of neurophysiology on unconscious state using combined transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography: A systematic review.

Unconscious state has been investigated in numerous studies so far, but pathophysiology of this state is not fully understood. Recently, combined transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) has been developed to allow for non-invasive assessment of neurophysiology in the cerebral cortex. We conducted a systematic literature search for TMS-EEG studies on human unconscious state using PubMed with cross-reference and manual searches.