Adverse reproductive effects of S100A9 on bovine sperm and early embryonic development in vitro.

The phenomenon of aging arises from multiple, complex interactions causing dysfunction in cells and organs. In particular, fertility drastically decreases with age. Previously, we have demonstrated that the functional characteristics of the bovine oviduct and uterus change with the age-dependent upregulation of inflammation and noted that S100A9 triggers inflammatory responses in oviduct epithelial cells.

Improvement of fertility in repeat breeder dairy cattle by embryo transfer following artificial insemination: possibility of interferon tau replenishment effect.

Repeat breeder cattle do not become pregnant until after three or more breeding attempts; this represents a critical reproductive disorder. Embryo transfer (ET) following artificial insemination (AI) in repeat breeder cattle reportedly improves pregnancy rate, leading to speculation that interferon tau (IFNT) is associated with this phenomenon. However, the reason why the conception rate improves remains unknown.

Oxygen concentration modulates cellular senescence and autophagy in human trophoblast cells.

Problem: We investigated the effect of oxygen concentrations on cellular senescence and autophagy and examined the role of autophagy in human trophoblast cells.

Method Of Study: Human first-trimester trophoblast cells (Sw.71) were incubated under 21%, 5%, or 1% O concentrations for 24 hours.

Interferon Tau Regulates Cytokine Production and Cellular Function in Human Trophoblast Cell Line.

Type I interferons (IFN), including IFN-beta (IFNB), activate multiple STAT signaling to drive various biological responses. Another type I IFN, IFN-tau (IFNT), secreted by ruminant embryonic trophoblast cells, has multiple functions with low cytotoxicity. Here, we examined the effects of IFNT on human trophoblast cell functions.

Age-associated mRNA expression changes in bovine endometrial cells in vitro.

Background: Endometrial cells secrete various cytokines and the dysfunction of endometrial cells may directly lead to infertility. Interferon tau (IFNT) secreted by trophoblast cells, a well-known pregnancy recognition signal in ruminants, acts on the uterus to prepare for pregnancy. Aging causes cellular and organ dysfunction, and advanced maternal age is associated with reduced fertility.