Publications by authors named "Nao Tanaka"

Article Synopsis
  • Researchers used a 5' single-cell RNA sequencing method to identify where enhancer RNAs and other RNA types start in human CD4 T cells, uncovering variations in cell types and their development.
  • By combining these RNA datasets with single-cell chromatin profiles, they found that unique active enhancers and their RNA production are specific to certain cell types and are linked to disease risk.
  • The study created a detailed atlas of these enhancers that helps to understand how genetic variations are related to various immune-mediated diseases.
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A 75-year-old male with diabetes mellitus was referred to our hospital with an abnormal shadow on chest radiography, based on which he was diagnosed with extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC; cT2bN2M1a). The first-line therapy comprised atezolizumab, carboplatin, and etoposide. After four cycles, the patient achieved complete response (CR), and maintenance therapy was initiated with atezolizumab.

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Here we report the largest Asian genome-wide association study (GWAS) for systemic sclerosis performed to date, based on data from Japanese subjects and comprising of 1428 cases and 112,599 controls. The lead SNP is in the FCGR/FCRL region, which shows a penetrating association in the Asian population, while a complete linkage disequilibrium SNP, rs10917688, is found in a cis-regulatory element for IRF8. IRF8 is also a significant locus in European GWAS for systemic sclerosis, but rs10917688 only shows an association in the presence of the risk allele of IRF8 in the Japanese population.

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β-Amino acids are useful building blocks of bioactive molecules, including peptidomimetics and pharmaceutical compounds. The current limited accessibility to β-type amino acids which bear an α-quaternary center has limited their use in chemical synthesis and biological investigations. Disclosed herein is the development of a new N-heterocyclic carbene/photocatalyzed aminocarboxylation of olefins, affording β-amino esters with high regioselectivity.

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Children with fetal growth restriction (FGR) and its resultant low birthweight (LBW) are at a higher risk of developing various health problems later in life, including renal diseases, metabolic syndrome, and sarcopenia. The mechanism through which LBW caused by intrauterine hypoperfusion leads to these health problems has not been properly investigated. Oral supplementation with probiotics is expected to reduce these risks in children.

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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin condition and prior genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 71 associated loci. In the current study we conducted the largest AD GWAS to date (discovery N = 1,086,394, replication N = 3,604,027), combining previously reported cohorts with additional available data. We identified 81 loci (29 novel) in the European-only analysis (which all replicated in a separate European analysis) and 10 additional loci in the multi-ancestry analysis (3 novel).

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A total of seven Japanese laboratories participated in an intercomparison study to estimate the dose given to tooth enamel samples, using the electron spin resonance method. Each of four of the participating laboratories prepared a set of tooth enamel samples, using the electron spin resonance method. Four of the participating laboratories each prepared a set of tooth enamel samples, consisting of seven standard aliquots irradiated from 100 to 2000 mGy and three samples with an 'unknown' dose between 140 and 960 mGy, were intended to eliminate bias from sample preparation.

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Background: Pathogenesis of pediatric acute appendicitis (AA) is yet to be elucidated. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive microbial analysis of saliva, feces, and appendiceal lumen of AA patients using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing to elucidate the pathogenesis of pediatric AA.

Methods: This study included 33 AA patients and 17 healthy controls (HCs) aged <15 y.

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Background: Children with low birthweight (LBW) have a higher risk for developing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, for which no prophylactic measure exists. The gut microbiota in infants with LBW is different from that in infants with normal birthweight and is associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Oral supplementation with Bifidobacterium has several health benefits, such as suppressing inflammation.

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Background: Recent randomized trials have revealed that neutralizing monoclonal antibodies can reduce disease progression in mild-moderate COVID-19 patients. However, no studies have investigated the effect of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies on clinical outcomes in Japan.

Methods: A single-center retrospective and prospective cohort study was conducted.

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This cross-sectional study examines the prevalence and necessity of antimicrobial drug use among patients who are hospitalized with COVID-19 infection in Japan.

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Objective: Targeting synovial fibroblasts (SF) using a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor (CDKI) could be a potent therapy for RA via inhibition of proliferation and MMP-3 production. This study was designed to elucidate the mechanism of chondroprotective effects on SFs by CDK 4/6 inhibition.

Methods: CDK4/6 activity was inhibited using CDKI treatment or enhanced by adenoviral gene transduction.

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Article Synopsis
  • Desmosine and isodesmosine are important crosslinking amino acids in elastin, which is crucial for the structure of skin.
  • Previous attempts to measure these crosslinkers in human skin have struggled due to the insoluble nature of elastin proteins.
  • This study successfully synthesized isotopically labeled desmosine and used advanced analysis techniques to quantitatively measure desmosine levels in human skin for the first time, detecting approximately 1.43 μg from 1 mg of dry skin.
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Article Synopsis
  • * Researchers examined cases of 86 pediatric patients who underwent appendectomy between 2013 and 2019, with bacteria found in 54 samples, identifying several key bacteria and their susceptibility to antibiotics.
  • * The findings suggest that tazobactam/piperacillin or meropenem are effective first-line treatments, while amikacin is preferred over gentamicin for aminoglycoside use.
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Aim: The new guidelines in Japan do not recommend a vancomycin (VCM) loading dose for patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 30 < and ≤ 80 mL×min×1.73m (moderate renal dysfunction) or administration to those with the eGFR < 30 mL×min×1.73m (severe renal dysfunction).

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Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common allergic disease in the world. While genetic components play critical roles in its pathophysiology, a large proportion of its genetic background is still unexplored.

Objectives: This study sought to illuminate the genetic associations with AD using genome-wide association study (GWAS) and its downstream analyses.

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Ma'edamines C and D were isolated from an Okinawan marine sponge and exhibited a unique tetrasubstituted pyridinium skeleton. The proposed biosynthetic pathway is similar to that of desmosine and isodesmosine, which are elastin-crosslinking amino acids. In this study, first total synthesis of ma'edamines C and D was achieved via Pr(OTf)-promoted Chichibabin/isoChichibabin pyridinium synthesis starting from the corresponding aldehydes and amine.

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Background: Although it is known that malignancies can be associated with dermatomyositis, there are few reports on dermatomyositis associated with prostate cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation.

Case Presentation: A 63-year-old man visited our hospital due to pollakiuria. High levels of PSA and NSE were observed, and prostate biopsy revealed an adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation.

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Purpose: To determine the features which predict torsion and the pre-operative indicators of malignancy in cases of ovarian torsion in ovarian tumors (OTs) in children.

Methods: The medical records of 35 pediatric patients who underwent surgery for OT, except for neonate cases, from 1997 to 2018 at our institution were reviewed retrospectively.

Results: The pathological diagnosis was mature teratoma in 17, immature teratoma in 9, yolk sac tumor in 3, and others in 6.

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a degenerative condition with limited diagnostic detection efficiency. Currently with no available cure, COPD is associated with irreversible elastic tissue degradation in lungs, which results in release of unusual amino acids, isodesmosine and desmosine. These biomarkers are potential key elements in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), an analytical method, which can detect certain compounds including antigens and proteins in easy and affordable manner.

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Background: Current treatment options for lymphatic malformations (LMs) are multimodal. Recently, the effectiveness of treating LMs with Eppikajyutsuto (TJ-28) has been reported. TJ-28 is a kind of oral herbal medicine classified as the traditional Japanese Kampo medicine.

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