Connectomic analysis reveals an interneuron with an integral role in the retinal circuit for night vision.

Night vision in mammals depends fundamentally on rod photoreceptors and the well-studied rod bipolar (RB) cell pathway. The central neuron in this pathway, the AII amacrine cell (AC), exhibits a spatially tuned receptive field, composed of an excitatory center and an inhibitory surround, that propagates to ganglion cells, the retina's projection neurons. The circuitry underlying the surround of the AII, however, remains unresolved.

Knowing What You Know in Brain Segmentation Using Bayesian Deep Neural Networks.

In this paper, we describe a Bayesian deep neural network (DNN) for predicting FreeSurfer segmentations of structural MRI volumes, in minutes rather than hours. The network was trained and evaluated on a large dataset ( = 11,480), obtained by combining data from more than a hundred different sites, and also evaluated on another completely held-out dataset ( = 418). The network was trained using a novel spike-and-slab dropout-based variational inference approach.

Synaptic Transfer between Rod and Cone Pathways Mediated by AII Amacrine Cells in the Mouse Retina.

To understand computation in a neural circuit requires a complete synaptic connectivity map and a thorough grasp of the information-processing tasks performed by the circuit. Here, we dissect a microcircuit in the mouse retina in which scotopic visual information (i.e.