Upper Limb Motor Function Affects the Outcome after Treatment with Botulinum Toxin A.

Background: Treatment with Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) is effective in decreasing upper limb spasticity.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the differences in the outcome based on the upper limb motor function before BoNT-A treatment.

Methods: The subjects were 61 patients who underwent BoNT-A treatment for upper limb spasticity.

Immobilized glycosylated Fmoc-amino acid for SPR: comparative studies of lectin-binding to linear or biantennary diLacNAc structures.

A method to immobilize glycan-linked amino acids with protected α-amino groups, which are key intermediates to produce the desired neoglycoprotein, to a Biacore sensor chip was developed and its utility for interaction analyses was demonstrated. Two types of diN-acetyllactosamine (diLacNAc)-containing glycans, a core 2 hexasaccharide involving linear diLacNAc that is O-linked to N-(9-fluorenyl)methoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-Thr and a biantennary diLacNAc that is N-linked to Fmoc-Asn, were used as ligands. For immobilization, the free carboxyl groups of the amino acid residues were activated with EDC/NHS, then reacted with the ethylenediamine-derivatized carboxymethyldextran sensor chip to obtain the desired ligand concentrations.