Management of oblique root fracture in the middle third of two maxillary immature central incisors with severe caries in mixed dentitions: a case report.

Mid-root fractures are rare injuries in young permanent teeth and tend to have poor prognoses. This study presents a case of oblique root fracture of both maxillary immature central incisors in the middle third accompanied by delayed dental visit and severe caries of all primary teeth. After restoring all the primary and permanent teeth that needed stabilization, the coronal fragments were repositioned and stabilized with a flexible splint consisting of orthodontic wire and composite resin.

The Management of Gingival Fenestration: A Series of Three Cases.

Gingival fenestration is a relatively uncommon soft tissue lesion in which the root apex is exposed in the oral environment after the destruction of the overlying buccal bone plate and mucosa. At present, no clear etiology or treatment guidelines exist for gingival fenestration. This article reports three successfully treated cases of gingival fenestration associated with chronic periapical infection and can help contribute to treatment guidelines for gingival fenestration.

The Effect of an Extract of Sappanwood, Protosappanin A and Protosappanin B on Osteogenesis in Periodontitis.

Background: Sappanwood is widely used in the prevention and treatment in diseases due to its ability to seal blood vessels, dissipate stasis, and relieve pain. Important monomer components of sappanwood, Protosappanin A (PA) and Protosappanin B (PB) have anti-tumour and antimicrobial medicinal properties. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and osteogenic differentiation effects of a crude extract of Sappanwood (ESP), PA and PB against periodontitis in periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs).

Effect of dermatopontin on osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells.

Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are promising seed cells for oral bone tissue engineering. Dermatopontin (DPT) is a small-molecule protein recognized as a non-collagenous component of the extracellular matrix and is associated with a variety of biological processes. In this study, we first determined that DPT was elevated during the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs.

Small extracellular vesicles from dental follicle stem cells provide biochemical cues for periodontal tissue regeneration.

Background: Treatments based on stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been explored as an alternative to stem cell transplantation-based therapies in periodontal regeneration. Dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) have shown great potential for regenerative medicine applications. However, it is unclear whether sEVs derived from DFSCs (DFSCs-sEVs) could be used in periodontal regeneration.

TGF-β2 and TGF-β1 differentially regulate the odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

Objective: To explore the effects of transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) and TGF-β1 on the odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

Design: We used lentiviral transduction to knock down TGF-β1 or TGF-β2 in stem cells from dental apical papilla (SCAPs), and to generate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with overexpression of TGF-β1 or TGF-β2. We investigated the odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation abilities of these transductants in vitro and in vivo.

Key Markers and Epigenetic Modifications of Dental-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.

As a novel research hotspot in tissue regeneration, dental-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are famous for their accessibility, multipotent differentiation ability, and high proliferation. However, cellular heterogeneity is a major obstacle to the clinical application of dental-derived MSCs. Here, we reviewed the heterogeneity of dental-derived MSCs firstly and then discussed the key markers and epigenetic modifications related to the proliferation, differentiation, immunomodulation, and aging of dental-derived MSCs.

Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Ameliorate Diabetic Nephropathy In Vivo and In Vitro by Inhibiting Advanced Glycation End Product-Activated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of chronic kidney disease. It has been proven that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have therapeutic effects on kidney disease. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are MSCs that are derived from dental pulps in exfoliated deciduous teeth from young patients and therefore have a high proliferation rate and an easy access.

Activation and Biological Properties of Human β Defensin 4 in Stem Cells Derived From Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth.

Pulpitis in primary teeth, a condition caused by presence of bacteria, is highly prevalent worldwide. The use of biocompatibility materials with anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and regenerative properties is critical for prognosis of this endodontic disease. This study aimed to identify expression of human β defensin 4 (HBD4) in stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and characterize the effects of HBD4 on SHED.

Therapeutic effects of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth on diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic potential of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) for diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Methods: The biological characteristics of SHED were identified by flow cytometric study and evaluation of differentiation potential. Using high-fat feeding, diabetes was induced in GK rats, and SHED were transplanted into the caudal veins of these rats.

Differentiation of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth into Retinal Photoreceptor-Like Cells and Their Sustainability .

Retinal degeneration is characterized by the progressive loss of photoreceptors, and stem cell therapy has become a promising strategy. Many studies have reported that mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can sustain retinal structure and prolong retinal functions based on two mechanisms. One is cell replacement, and the other is the paracrine action of stem cells.

Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth ameliorate type II diabetic mellitus in Goto-Kakizaki rats.

Background: By 2030, diabetes mellitus (DM) will be the 7th leading cause of death worldwide. Type 2 DM (T2DM) is the most common type of DM and is characterized by insulin resistance and defective β-cell secretory function. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are favorable seed cells for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based therapy due to their higher proliferation rates and easier access to retrieval.

[Remineralization effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate for enamel demineralization: a system review].

Objective: This study  aims  to  assess  the  remineralization effect of casein phosphopeptide (CPP)-amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) on enamel demineralization by  performing  system review of  randomized  controlled  trials (RCT)  involving  the  treatment of enamel demineralization with  CPP-ACP.

Methods: The  study  was  developed  based  on  the 
Cochrane handbook  for  systematic  reviews of  interventions (Version 5.1.

[Research progress on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of tooth eruption].

Tooth eruption is a series of complicated physiological processes occurring once the crown is formed completely, as well as when the tooth moves toward the occasion plane. As such, the tooth moves through the alveolar bone and the oral mucosa until it finally reaches its functional position. Most studies indicate that the process of tooth eruption involves the alveolar bone, dental follicles, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and multiple cytokines.

Orthodontists' and laypeople's perception of smile height aesthetics in relation to varying degrees of transverse cant of anterior teeth.

Aims: To determine the effect of varying the transverse cant of the anterior teeth on orthodontists' and laypeople's perceptions of smile aesthetics, and the influence that smile height has on this perception.

Materials And Methods: A 20-year-old Chinese female with an aesthetic smile and normal occlusion was chosen and agreed to participate. Digital pictures of her posed smile were taken and manipulated to create three smile height variations: low, medium, or high.

[Skeletal Class Ⅲ patients treated with Fränkel function regulator type Ⅲ in the early and late mixed dentition].

Objective: To investigate the outcome of skeletal Class Ⅲ patients treated with Fränkel function regulator type Ⅲ (FR Ⅲ)in the early mixed and late mixed dentition.

Methods: The samples consisted of 45 mild and moderate skeletal Class Ⅲ patients(26 males, 19 females; meanage, [7.9±1.