Effects of modified long stick exercise on hyperkyphosis, muscle imbalance and balance control in elderly community-dwelling women with hyperkyphosis.

Background: Hyperkyphosis is a condition often seen in older women. This condition causes muscle imbalance in the upper back of the body and impacts balance control. Long stick exercise (LSE) is an exercise programme for the elderly that improves muscle strength and balance control.

Knee Extensor Muscle Strength to Measure the Ability of Five Times Sit to Stand Independently in Patients with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury.

Background: Patients with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) and lower extremity muscle weakness often fall while standing up from a chair. The sit-to-stand (STS) task primarily uses the strength of the knee extensor muscles. The five times sit-to-stand test (FTSST) is often applied to determine lower limb function and the results are related to lower extremity muscle strength.

The 7th cervical vertebra wall distance (C7WD) identifies balance control, functional mobility and the risk of multiple falls in elderly community-dwelling women with thoracic hyperkyphosis.

Background: Thoracic hyperkyphosis is common in the elderly, especially in women, and results in impaired balance control, impaired functional mobility and an increased risk of multiple falls. The 7th cervical vertebra wall distance (C7WD) is a practical method for evaluating thoracic hyperkyphosis.

Objective: This study calculated C7WD cut-off scores that may identify impaired balance control, impaired functional mobility and an increased risk of multiple falls in elderly community-dwelling women with thoracic hyperkyphosis.