Exosomes secreted from M2-polarized macrophages inhibit osteoclast differentiation via CYLD.

Objective: Bone resorption mediated by osteoclast differentiation induces the occurrence of bone-related diseases. Macrophages, an origin of osteoclasts, whose M2 type can reduce inflammation-induced bone damage. We aimed to investigate the effect of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes on osteoclast formation and elucidate its underlying mechanism.

NUAK1 promotes tumor metastasis through upregulating slug transcription in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Metastasis is still a major cause of poor pathological outcome and prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. NUAK1 has been reported highly expressed in many human cancers and is associated with the poor prognosis of cancer patients. However, the role of NUAK1 and its underlying signaling mechanism in ESCC metastasis remain unclear.

Interferon-τ regulates the expression and function of bovine leukocyte antigen by downregulating bta-miR-204.

IFN-τ is a pregnancy recognition factor that regulates embryo implantation in ruminants. IFN-τ has been suggested to be involved in the expression of microRNA (miRNA/miR) and bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA), which is an analog of the human major histocompatibility complex class I. However, little is known about whether the miRNAs are involved in the expression of BoLA in ruminants.

Ginsenoside Rb 1: A novel therapeutic agent in Staphylococcusaureus-induced Acute Lung Injury with special reference to Oxidative stress and Apoptosis.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is considered as an uncontrolled inflammatory response that can leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which limits the therapeutic strategies. Ginsenosides Rb1 (Rb1), an active ingredient obtained from Panax ginseng, possesses a broad range of pharmacological and medicinal properties, comprising the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-tumor activities. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of Rb1 against S.

Enhancement of Sphingolipid Synthesis Improves Osmotic Tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

To enhance the growth performance of under osmotic stress, mutant XCG001, which tolerates up to 1.5 M NaCl, was isolated through adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE). Comparisons of the transcriptome data of mutant XCG001 and the wild-type strain identified as being associated with osmotic tolerance.

Engineering of membrane phospholipid component enhances salt stress tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

To increase the growth of industrial strains under environmental stress, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 salt-tolerant strain Y00 that tolerates 1.2 M NaCl was cultured through nitroguanidine mutagenesis. The metabolomics and transcription data of Y00 were compared with those of the wild-type strain BY4741.

Malocclusion Generates Anxiety-Like Behavior Through a Putative Lateral Habenula-Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus Pathway.

Malocclusion is an important risk factor for temporomandibular disorder (TMD), a series of disorders characterized by dysfunction in the orofacial region involving the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and jaw muscles. We recently showed that experimental unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) produced masseter hyperactivity through a circuit involving the periodontal proprioception, trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus (Vme), and trigeminal motor nucleus (Vmo). Anxiety is a common complication in patients with TMD.

Silencing of PTGS2 exerts promoting effects on angiogenesis endothelial progenitor cells in mice with ischemic stroke via repression of the NF-κB signaling pathway.

The objective of the current study is to investigate the effect of PTGS2 on proliferation, migration, angiogenesis and apoptosis of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in mice with ischemic stroke through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established in mice. EPCs were identified, in which ectopic expression and depletion experiments were conducted.

MiR-128 mediates negative regulation in Staphylococcus aureus induced inflammation by targeting MyD88.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common clinical syndrome of excessive uncontrolled inflammatory response in lung tissues with high mortality rates and limited therapeutic approaches. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs which attach at 3'UTR of mRNA for further regulation of diverse proteins. MiRNAs are a current focus in regulating the inflammatory processes.

MiR-19a mediates the negative regulation of the NF-κB pathway in lipopolysaccharide-induced endometritis by targeting TBK1.

Objective: In both humans and animals, endometritis is severe inflammation of the uterus, and it causes great economic losses in dairy cow production. MicroRNAs have been reported to play an important role in various inflammatory diseases. However, the regulatory mechanisms of miR-19a in endometritis remain unclear.

Dental malocclusion stimulates neuromuscular circuits associated with temporomandibular disorders.

Unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) has been demonstrated to cause masseter hyperactivity via the periodontal trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus (Vme)-trigeminal motor nucleus circuit. Here, we studied activation of motor neurons of the facial nucleus (VII), hypoglossal nucleus (XII), nucleus ambiguus (Amb), and spinal nucleus of the accessory nerve (SNA) in rats with UAC via their similar connections with Vme. An anterograde tracer, biotinylated dextran amine (BDA), was injected into the Vme to identify the central axon terminals around the motor neurons of VII, XII, Amb, and SNA.

Luteoloside Protects the Uterus from Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Injury.

Luteoloside is a flavonoid extracted from several natural herbs that exhibits anti-microbial and anti-inflammation properties. Our study mainly identified the anti-inflammatory mechanism of action of luteoloside in Staphylococcus aureus-induced endometritis. Histopathological observations and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity showed that luteoloside could protect the uterus from S.

Geraniol alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice via inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis.

Geraniol (GOH), a special type of acyclic monoterpene alcohol, has been widely used to treat many diseases associated with inflammation and apoptosis. Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common clinical disease in humans characterized by pulmonary inflammation and apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of GOH in a mouse model of ALI induced by the intranasal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms in RAW 264.

Thymol mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced endometritis by regulating the TLR4- and ROS-mediated NF-κB signaling pathways.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of thymol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses and to clarify the potential mechanism of these effects. LPS-induced mouse endometritis was used to confirm the anti-inflammatory action of thymol in vivo. RAW264.

Polydatin ameliorates Staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis in mice via inhibiting TLR2-mediated activation of the p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway.

Recent studies show that Polydatin (PD) extracted from the roots of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb, a widely used traditional Chinese remedies, possesses anti-inflammatory activity in several experimental models. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of PD on Staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis in mice and elucidated the potential mechanisms. In mice with S aureus-induced mastitis, administration of PD (15, 30, 45 mg/kg, ip) or dexamethasone (Dex, 5 mg/kg, ip) significantly suppressed the infiltration of inflammatory cells, ameliorated the mammary structural damage, and inhibited the activity of myeloperoxidase, a biomarker of neutrophils accumulation.