Do biomedical researchers differ in their perceptions of plagiarism across Europe? Findings from an online survey among leading universities.

Background: Existing research on perceptions of plagiarism and cultural influences mainly focuses on comparisons between the Western World and the Eastern World. However, possible differences within the Western World have hardly been assessed, especially among biomedical academics. The authors compared perceptions of plagiarism among European biomedical researchers who participated in an online survey.

Perceptions of plagiarism by biomedical researchers: an online survey in Europe and China.

Background: Plagiarism is considered as serious research misconduct, together with data fabrication and falsification. However, little is known about biomedical researchers' views on plagiarism. Moreover, it has been argued - based on limited empirical evidence - that perceptions of plagiarism depend on cultural and other determinants.

Perceptions of research integrity and the Chinese situation: In-depth interviews with Chinese biomedical researchers in Europe.

Research misconduct has been a threat to Chinese biomedical research. Despite many publications dealing with research integrity in China, little empirical data is available concerning Chinese biomedical researchers' perceptions of research integrity and misconduct. To learn more about this issue, we interviewed Chinese biomedical researchers in Europe to investigate their perceptions of this issue.

How do Chinese universities address research integrity and misconduct? A review of university documents.

Background: Scientific researchers are expected to follow the professional norms in their own domain. With a growing number of scientific publications retracted and research misconduct cases revealed in recent years, Chinese biomedical research integrity is questioned. As institutions educating and training future researchers, universities and the guidance they provide are important for the research quality and integrity of the country.

Integrity in Biomedical Research: A Systematic Review of Studies in China.

Recent empirical evidence has demonstrated that research misconduct occurs to a substantial degree in biomedical research. It has been suggested that scientific integrity is also of concern in China, but this seems to be based largely on anecdotal evidence. We, therefore, sought to explore the Chinese situation, by making a systematic review of published empirical studies on biomedical research integrity in China.

[Impacts that dimethoate inhibited the benchmark dose of acetylcholinesterase based on experimental designs].

Objective: To obtain the impacts of experimental design on benchmark dose (BMD), and the result was applied to test the computer simulation by software Slob (optimal method to calculate the BMD: for a certain sample capacity, to add the experimental groups by reducing the amount of animals in each group) , consequently, this method can be widely used in the future.

Methods: Eighty adult female SD rats were ig given dimethoate 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 mg/kg for 21 d, respectively.

[Acute risk assessment of cumulative dietary exposure to organophosphorus pesticide among people in Jiangsu province].

Objective: To understand the cumulative dietary exposure of Jiangsu residents to organophosphorus (OPs) pesticide and make acute risk assessment.

Methods: Integrated the data of the nutrition and health status of residents in Jiangsu and the data of monitoring of OPs pesticide in agricultural products. Chlorpyrifos was selected as index compound (index chemical, IC), then use relative potency factor (RPF) approach which commended by EPA and simple distribution evaluation.