Magnesium lithospermate B ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by suppressing the uremic toxin formation mediated by gut microbiota.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of renal failure and urgently necessitates new therapeutic strategies. Magnesium lithospermate B (MLB) showed a good protective effect on kidney injure by oral administration, despite its extremely low bioavailability. The current study aimed to investigate its gut microbiota-targeted mechanism to explain the paradoxical properties of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics.

Protein C-Terminal Tyrosine Conjugation via Recyclable Immobilized BmTYR.

Protein modification plays an essential role in biological and pharmaceutical research. Due to the ordinary selectivity and inevitable damage to proteins of chemical synthetic methods, increased efforts were focused on biocatalysts which exhibited high regioselectivity and mild reaction conditions. However, separation of the biocatalysts and modified proteins remained a problem, especially when scaling up.

Metabolomic Study of High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese (DIO) and DIO Plus CCl-Induced NASH Mice and the Effect of Obeticholic Acid.

The pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex process involving metabolic and inflammatory changes in livers and other organs, but the pathogenesis is still not well clarified. Two mouse models were established to study metabolic alteration of nonalcoholic fatty liver and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, respectively. The concentrations of metabolites in serum, liver and intestine content were measured by the AbsoluteIDQ p180 Kit (Biocrates Life Sciences, Innsbruck, Austria).

Differential distribution of characteristic constituents in root, stem and leaf tissues of Salvia miltiorrhiza using MALDI mass spectrometry imaging.

Segmentation-quantification is the most commonly used method for studying the tissue distribution of bioactive constituents in plant, but this method would bring uncontrollable pollution, compound migration and denaturation. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), as a new method developed in the past 20 years, has high sensitivity, high spatial resolution, high degree of visualization, and low risk of contamination and degeneration when studying tissue distribution of compounds. For the first time we applied matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) to tissue distribution of characteristic constituents of the medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza.

Callistemonols A and B, Potent Antimicrobial Acylphloroglucinol Derivatives with Unusual Carbon Skeletons from .

A phytochemical investigation on the leaves of resulted in the isolation of two unusual compounds, callistemonols A () and B (). Callistemonol A () possesses a novel skeleton of a furan ring fusing both an α,β-triketone and a phloroglucinol unit, while callistemonol B () is an acylphloroglucinol derivative featuring two methyl substituents on a five-membered ring and an isovaleryl side chain. Their structures were fully characterized on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR parameters, as well as the IR and HRESIMS data.

Cytotoxic Germacrane-Type Sesquiterpene Lactones from the Whole Plant of Carpesium lipskyi.

Ten new sesquiterpene lactones, carlipsines A-J (1-10), and 12 known analogues (11-22) were isolated from the whole plant of Carpesium lipskyi. Their structures were elucidated by using 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS analyses, and their absolute configurations were confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies. All compounds were identified as germacranolides with diverse substructural features.