Synthesis and characterization of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol immersed in sodium hydroxide thin film as a heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel production.

Biodiesel is a potential renewable energy source that can be used to replace fossil fuels because of its low toxicity, biodegradability, and renewability. However, biodiesel production requires long reaction times. Hence, a catalyst is needed to speed up the reaction and optimize production conditions.

Potassium Alum [KAl(SO)∙12HO] solid catalyst for effective and selective methoxylation production of alpha-pinene ether products.

Methoxylation is a relevant technological process applied in the production of high-value α-pinene derivatives. This report investigates the use of potassium alum [KAl(SO) · 12HO] as a catalyst in the methoxylation of α-pinene. In this study, the methoxylation reaction was optimized for the highest conversion of α-pinene and selectivity, assessed for the factors, catalyst loading (0.