Follicle flushing does not improve live birth and increases procedure time: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: To determine whether follicle flushing during oocyte retrieval improves live birth or secondary outcomes in assisted reproductive technology (ART).

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Setting: Not applicable.

Biochemical Pathways and Modeling.

The precise etiology of the biochemical changes and the resulting constellation of symptoms seen in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has remained a mystery. Despite advances in our knowledge, the pathogenesis and alterations in the biochemical pathways underlying this disease are still not fully understood. PCOS is a multifactorial syndrome where a combination of genetics, lifestyle, and hormone abnormalities all play an intertwining role.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Medical Conditions.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrinopathy that has been associated with many medical conditions across nearly every specialty. This chapter reviews the current understanding of polycystic ovary syndrome and associated medical conditions.

Genital Autoinoculation with Vaccinia: A Look at Two Cases.

Introduction: Smallpox, or vaccinia, has been eradicated worldwide as a disease; however, it may be weaponized and is thus a required immunization when military members deploy to certain parts of the world.

Materials And Methods: We report two unusual cases of genital autoinoculation following smallpox vaccination.

Results: Both patients' lesions resolved without sequelae within 20 d.

Urinary symptoms after bladder flap at the time of primary cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial (RTC).

Introduction And Hypothesis: The aim of this study was to evaluate urinary symptoms in the postpartum period after omission of the bladder flap at the time of primary cesarean delivery.

Methods: This was a single-blind parallel-group randomized comparison (bladder flap, no bladder flap) in women scheduled for a primary cesarean delivery at 37 weeks gestation or later. The primary outcome was urinary symptom scores at 6-8 weeks postpartum.

Short-term estradiol supplementation potentiates low-dose ghrelin action in the presence of GHRH or somatostatin in older women.

Context: Ghrelin is a potent gastric-derived GH-releasing peptide. How ghrelin interacts with sex steroids, GHRH, and somatostatin (SS) is not known.

Objective: Our objective was to test the hypotheses that ghrelin's interactions with GHRH (synergistic) and SS (disinhibitory) are ghrelin dose-dependent and amplified by estrogen.

Estradiol regulates GH-releasing peptide's interactions with GH-releasing hormone and somatostatin in postmenopausal women.

Objective: Estrogen stimulates pulsatile secretion of GH, via mechanisms that are largely unknown. An untested hypothesis is that estradiol (E₂) drives GH secretion by amplifying interactions among GH-releasing hormone (GHRH), somatostatin (SS), and GH-releasing peptide (GHRP).

Design: The design comprised double-blind randomized prospective administration of transdermal E₂ vs placebo to healthy postmenopausal women (n=24) followed by pulsatile GHRH or SS infusions for 13 h overnight with or without continuous GHRP2 stimulation.

Migraines and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: a dopamine connection.

This case-control study shows a strong association between migraine history and development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). We hypothesize there may be a similar gene variant that predisposes women to both migraines and OHSS and identification will lead to optimal therapy, not only for OHSS, but also for women who suffer from migraines.

Recurrent ovarian torsion in a premenarchal adolescent girl: contemporary surgical management.

Background: Recurrent ovarian torsion in a premenarchal adolescent girl is a rare event. Several methods of prevention using surgical plication have been proposed, which require varying degrees of technical expertise and can result in altered reproductive anatomy.

Case: A premenarchal adolescent girl presented with a history of salpingo-oophorectomy for torsion and recurrence treated by detorsion.

Treatment of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome using a dopamine agonist and gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist: a case series.

Objective: To describe an outpatient treatment protocol for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) that results in rapid normalization of symptoms with minimal side effects.

Design: Case series.

Setting: Midwestern academic reproductive endocrinology division.