Efficacy of Mastoid Morphometry in Sex Determination Using Cone-beam Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Analysis in Dakshina Kannada Population.

Aim: To evaluate the morphology of the mastoid process and its role in sex determination with the help of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 200 adults who were subjected to full FOV CBCT scans (100 males and 100 females). Eight parameters of the mastoid process were assessed for sex determination.

A comparative analysis of sphenoid and frontal sinuses using cone beam computed tomography for sex determination.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate linear measurements of the frontal sinus (FS) and sphenoid sinus (SS) for sex identification on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.

Methods: A comparative CBCT analysis was conducted on 200 full field of view (FOV) scans taken as part of routine dental investigations. Dimensions of the bilateral frontal and sphenoid sinuses were measured.

Evaluation of salivary tumor necrosis factor as a diagnostic biomarker in oral submucosal fibrosis and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx: a cross sectional observational study.

Introduction: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) is known to be associated with chronic inflammation, and its expression has been shown to increase in advanced cancers. Chronic inflammation is a characteristic feature of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), which is a potentially malignant disorder (PMD). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is associated with considerable mortality and morbidity and an early detection or monitoring would greatly help in achieving an effective cure.

Accessory lingual mental foramen: A case report of a rare anatomic variation.

Introduction: The mandibular nerve and the mental foramen have occasionally shown variations in its anatomy. This report aims to present a case of lingual mental foramen recognised on three-dimensional cone beam computed tomographic imaging (CBCT).

Case Report: Routine Orthopantomogram (OPG) and CBCT images were evaluated to assess the status of impact third molars in a 31-year-old female who had visited the dental clinics in our institution.

Prevalence of Incidental Maxillary Sinus Anomalies on CBCT Scans: A Radiographic Study.

CBCT significantly impacts dental procedures and has brought significant reforms to our approach to diagnosis and treatment planning despite its limitations in differentiating soft tissues. It is an excellent imaging modality and quickly identifies sinus opacification and provides valuable insight into paranasal sinus pathologies, with considerably lower radiation exposure. The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of maxillary sinus abnormalities in CBCT scans, identify the frequency, type, and location of these findings, and find the correlation between the distance of periapical lesions and radiographic changes in the maxillary sinus.

Third molar maturity index as an efficient tool for prediction of age in a sample Indian population - A retrospective study.

Introduction: The age of 18 years is an important milestone for legal matters, and developmental parameters of teeth are often used for estimation of this age. The aim of this study is to assess the efficiency of third molar maturity index (I3M) in establishing age of 18 years in Dakshina Kannada population.

Methods: A total of 700 orthopantomograms were retrieved from the archives of the radiology department of Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore.

Evaluation of Malnutrition and Quality of Life in Patients Treated for Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer.

Background: Oral and oropharyngeal cancer is a debilitating disease with high morbidity and mortality. Depending on the site and extent of the involvement of the cancer and the type of treatment modality, these patients can develop pain, trismus, xerostomia, dysphagia, and taste disturbances, compromising them socially and nutritionally. The aim of the study was to evaluate malnutrition and quality of life in patients treated for oral and oropharyngeal cancer.

Morphological Assessment of TMJ Spaces, Mandibular Condyle, and Glenoid Fossa Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT): A Retrospective Analysis.

 The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is included in the category of ginglymoarthrodial synovial joints. The mandibular condyle plays a vital part in the development of the craniofacial complex. Hence, the evaluation and assessment of the condylar volume and its morphology are of utmost importance.

Polymorphous Adenocarcinoma: A Rare Case Report with Unique Radiographic Appearance on CBCT.

Background: Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) is a slow growing malignant tumor of minor salivary glands and is generally of indolent nature. However, according to the most recent WHO Classification of Salivary Gland Tumors (2017), the cancer is classified as Polymorphous AdenoCarcinoma (PAC). PAC presents as a less aggressive tumor, though it could on rare occasions demonstrate distant metastasis.

Influence of Psychosocial Factors and Parafunctional Habits in Temporomandibular Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are abnormalities affecting the temporomandibular joint, jaw muscles, or both. An intrinsic relationship reportedly exists between TMDs and psychosocial factors, including stress. Parafunctional habits such as bruxism and clenching are also known to be responsible for TMDs.

Comparison of Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and Microcurrent Nerve Stimulation (MENS) in the Management of Masticatory Muscle Pain: A Comparative Study.

Introduction: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a heterogeneous group of pathologies affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the jaw muscles, or both. Epidemiological studies of TMD reveal a prevalence of 82% in the general population with 48% of them presenting with clinical features of muscle tenderness and difficulty in mouth opening. TMD are considered to be the most common orofacial pain conditions of nondental origin.

CBCT analysis of pharyngeal airway volume and comparison of airway volume among patients with skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion: A retrospective study.

: To study the influence of skeletal malocclusion on the oropharyngeal airway volume and the difference in the airway volume among gender and the different types of skeletal malocclusion.: A retrospective analysis of 180 full-field of view (FOV) CBCT scans (55 in Class 1, 55 in Class II, and 70 in Class III) were assessed to measure the oropharyngeal airway volume, ANB angle, SNB angle, and Wits appraisal. The values were compared among different skeletal malocclusions and were correlated to gender.

Challenges in Early Diagnosis of Oral Cancer: Cases Series.

Oral cancer has an overall survival rate of only 50%. This prognosis is significantly improved when this disease is diagnosed and treated in its early stages. Oral cancer is usually associated with classical clinical features associated with malignancy resulting in accurate diagnosis.

A Prospective Study of the Clinical and Demographic Profile of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Receiving Antidiabetic Drug Combinations.

Background: The specific treatment recommendations for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) differ based on a particular guideline. The goal of pharmacotherapy is to achieve the target HbA1c and fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels to avoid disease complications.

Objective: To evaluate the profile of T2DM patients on different antidiabetic treatment regimens and the factors leading to dose escalation in these patients.

Incidence of Opportunistic Infections among HIV-Positive Adults on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in a Teaching Hospital, India: Prospective Study.

Oral manifestations in HIV infections are numerous and some of these are acknowledged as being of great importance in the early diagnosis of the disease. Many HIV-associated oral infections occur early in HIV disease, not infrequently as the presenting sign or symptom. Thus, early detection of the associated oral opportunistic infections should, in many cases, result in earlier diagnosis of HIV infection.

Detection of human papilloma virus in potentially malignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity and a study of associated risk factors.

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is the 6 most frequently occurring cancer worldwide, with over 400,000 cases projected annually. Multiple factors such as tobacco, alcohol, irradiation, virus, and chronic irritants are involved in the development of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). The most important risk factors are chronic exposure to tobacco and alcohol.

Epidermoid cyst of the floor of the mouth.

Dermoid cysts are malformations that are rarely seen in the oral cavity. An intraoral dermoid cyst grows slowly, but may enlarge and interfere with deglutition and speech, or can pose a critical risk to the airway and therefore require immediate surgical intervention. Dermoid cysts may develop above or below the mylohyoid muscle, causing a submental or submandibular swelling.

Assessment of learning styles of undergraduate medical students using the VARK questionnaire and the influence of sex and academic performance.

While there are several tools to study learning styles of students, the visual-aural-read/write-kinesthetic (VARK) questionnaire is a simple, freely available, easy to administer tool that encourages students to describe their behavior in a manner they can identify with and accept. The aim is to understand the preferred sensory modality (or modalities) of students for learning. Teachers can use this knowledge to facilitate student learning.

Oral Cytology for HIV: A New Diagnostic Tool?

Aim: To asses morphological and morphometrical alterations of oral squamous epithelial cells in HIV infected individuals, and determine its diagnostic significance for HIV infection.

Materials And Methods: Informed Consent was obtained from all study subjects. 40 adult HIV infected patients (experimental group) and 40 adult non-infected volunteers (control group) participated.

Assessment of quality of life in patients with chronic oral mucosal diseases: a questionnaire-based study.

Context: A validated discipline-specific questionnaire has been developed recently to assess the quality of life (QOL) in patients with chronic oral mucosal diseases.

Objective: Use the Chronic Oral Mucosal Diseases Questionnaire for evaluating a diverse group of patients with chronic oral mucosal disease after therapy.

Design: Prospective convenience sample.

The perceptual preferences in learning among dental students in clinical subjects.

Introduction: VARK is a questionnaire which was developed by Neil Fleming (www.vark.learn.

Salivary protein markers: a noninvasive protein profile-based method for the early diagnosis of oral premalignancy and malignancy.

An ultra-sensitive hyphenated technique, high-performance liquid chromatography-laser-induced fluorescence detection protein profiling of saliva, is evaluated for early detection and diagnosis of oral premalignancy and malignancy. Calibration sets of protein profiles of unstimulated whole saliva are collected from clinically/pathologically normal, premalignant, and malignant subjects and used as standards. Three parameters-scores of factors, sum of squared residuals, and Mahalanobis distance-derived from principal component analysis of protein profiles of the standard calibration sets, and blind samples are used for "match/no-match" diagnosis of the blind samples.