Single-Step Low-Temperature Synthesis of Carbon Dots for Advanced Multiparametric Bioimaging Probe Applications.

Carbon dots (CDs) have recently emerged in biomedical and agricultural domains, mainly for their probe applications in developing efficient sensors. However, the existing high-temperature approaches limit the industrial level scaling up to further translate them into different products by mass-scale fabrication of CDs. To address this, we have attempted to lower the synthesis temperature to 140 °C and synthesized different CDs using different organic acids and their combinations in a one-step approach (quantum yield 3.

Strong and nonspecific synergistic antibacterial/antibiofilm impact of nano-silver biosynthesized and decorated with active ingredients of L.

In this study, (a proven broad spectrum medicinal plant for broad-spectrum pharmacological activities) leaf extract was used as conjugates for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles (AgNP). Color change of the reaction mixture and UV-Visible spectrophotometry indicated the fabrication of silver nanoparticles, further X-ray diffraction (XRD) crystallography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopic images (TEM), and Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) confirms the purity, monodispersity, and morphology including size (22.4 nm) and conjugated functional group of .

In Silico Studies Reveal Antiviral Effects of Traditional Indian Spices on COVID-19.

Background: The global health emergency due to SARS-CoV-2 causing the COVID-19 pandemic emphasized the scientific community to intensify their research work for its therapeutic solution. In this study, Indian traditional spices owing to various medicinal properties were tested in silico for their inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 proteins. SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins (SP) and main proteases (M) play a significant role in infection development were considered as potential drug targets.

Silybin B and Cianidanol Inhibit M and Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2: Evidence from in silico Molecular Docking Studies.

Background: The main proteases (Mpro) and Spike Proteins (SP) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) play a major role in viral infection development by producing several non-structural proteins (nsPs) and penetrating the host cells, respectively. In this study, the potential of in silico molecular docking-based drug repositioning approach was exploited for identifying the inhibitors of M and SP of SARS-CoV-2.

Methods: A total of 196 compounds, including various US-FDA-approved drugs, vitamins, and their analogs, were docked with M (PDB IDs: 6YB7 and 6Y84), and the top six ligands were further tested for ADME properties, followed by docking with SP (PDB IDs: 6LXT and 6W41).

Involvement of Bcl-2 Activation and G1 Cell Cycle Arrest in Colon Cancer Cells Induced by Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Microwave-Assisted Hybrid Approach.

The toxic effect of TiO nanoparticles (TNP) greatly varies with the variation in synthesis protocol followed. Any morphological alteration of TNPs affects their activity. In the present study, we report the detailed toxicological analysis of TNPs fabricated by a microwave irradiation-assisted hybrid chemical approach.

Preparation and Evaluation of the ZnO NP-Ampicillin/Sulbactam Nanoantibiotic: Optimization of Formulation Variables Using RSM Coupled GA Method and Antibacterial Activities.

Nanoparticles (NPs) possessing antibacterial activity represent an effective way of overcoming bacterial resistance. In the present work, we report a novel formulation of a nanoantibiotic formed using Ampicillin/sulbactam (Ams) and a zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NP). 'ZnO NP-Ams' nanoantibiotic formulation is optimized using response surface methodology coupled genetic algorithm approach.

Assessment of Occupational Health Hazards Due to Particulate Matter Originated from Spices.

Spices have been known for their various health activities; however, they also possess the allergic potential for the respiratory system and the skin as they are fine particulate matter. Persons involved in spice agriculture and food industries are at greater risk since they are exposed to a considerable amount of combustible dust, which may be the cause of fire and explosion and adversely affect the health. These workers may experience allergy, long-term and short-term respiratory issues including occupational asthma, dermatitis, etc.

Silver nanoparticles engineered by thermal co-reduction approach induces liver damage in Wistar rats: acute and sub-chronic toxicity analysis.

Recently, nanotechnology applications have increased tremendously in consumer products. However, it has been observed that these nanoparticles can cause a potential risk to the environment as well as human health. In the present manuscript, we have analyzed acute and sub-chronic toxicity of engineered silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by assessing the impact on Wistar rats.

Bioinspired gold nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite using Syzygium cumini seed extract: Evaluation of its biological applications.

The development of novel functionalized reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite materials keeping in mind environmental and health perspectives via green approaches is currently gaining enormous research interest in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Herein, we report a bio-inspired green synthesis approach for gold nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite in which Syzygium cumini seed extract (SCSE) is applied as natural reducing and stabilizing agent for the simultaneous reduction of chloroauric acid and graphene oxide (GO). The obtained nanocomposite was thoroughly investigated using UV-visible and FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM-EDX, TEM-SAED, Raman spectroscopy and XPS analysis.

Thermal Co-reduction engineered silver nanoparticles induce oxidative cell damage in human colon cancer cells through inhibition of reduced glutathione and induction of mitochondria-involved apoptosis.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are being commercialized in a number of consumer products including food and cosmetics where there is a direct exposure of AgNPs to human body. An extensive toxicological evaluation is necessary to understand the mechanism for its safe use, since the toxicity effect varies greatly with the synthesis protocol followed. In this study, we report the detailed toxicological analysis of AgNPs fabricated by thermal co-reduction approach.

Formulation of vitamin D encapsulated cinnamon oil nanoemulsion: Its potential anti-cancerous activity in human alveolar carcinoma cells.

Cinnamon oil is used for medicinal purpose since ancient time because of its antioxidant activity. Oil-in-water nanoemulsion (NE) of cinnamon oil was formulated using cinnamon oil, nonionic surfactant Tween 80 and water by ultrasonication technique. Phase diagram was constructed to investigate the influence of oil, water and surfactant concentration.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticle-protein interaction explained by docking approach.

Titanium dioxide has been proven for toxicity by in vitro and in vivo approaches, however, further studies are needed in nano-toxicological research using in silico analysis. In this study, Autodock 4.0.

Fish oil based vitamin D nanoencapsulation by ultrasonication and bioaccessibility analysis in simulated gastro-intestinal tract.

Recently, nanoemulsions have been employed for different applications including food and drug industries for efficient nutrient delivery system. In this study, vitamin D (a lipophilic molecule) was encapsulated in fish oil for higher oral bioavailability. The oil-in-water nanoemulsion was formulated by ultrasonication technique with a droplet size range of 300-450nm and a shelf life of more than 90days.

Nano-zirconia - Evaluation of its antioxidant and anticancer activity.

Bioactivity of nanomaterials largely depends on its size, shape and crystalline nature. In this work, the smaller sized spherical shaped nano-zirconia (ZrO NPs) (of ~9 to 11nm) was fabricated and studied its biological activity especially antioxidant and cytotoxicity against human colon carcinoma (HCT-116) and human lung carcinoma (A-549) cell lines. To have its real applications in biological aspects readily available Eucalyptus globulus (E.

Diastase induced green synthesis of bilayered reduced graphene oxide and its decoration with gold nanoparticles.

In this paper, we report an enzyme dependent, green one-pot deoxygenation cum decoration method to synthesize diastase-conjugated reduced graphene oxide (DRG) nanosheets, DRG/gold nanoparticles (DRG/Au) composite. The DRG synthesis was completed in 7h under heating at 90°C on water bath. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM) study has revealed the formation of bilayered reduced graphene oxide sheets.

Cytotoxicity study of Piper nigrum seed mediated synthesized SnO nanoparticles towards colorectal (HCT116) and lung cancer (A549) cell lines.

Different sized tetragonal tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO NPs) were synthesized using Piper nigrum seed extract at three different calcination temperatures (300, 500, 900°C) and these nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR). The optical properties were studied using UV-Vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectrophotometers. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was monitored by using a fluorescence spectrophotometer and fluorescence microscope.

A spectroscopic study on interaction between bovine serum albumin and titanium dioxide nanoparticle synthesized from microwave-assisted hybrid chemical approach.

The use of nanoparticles in food or pharma requires a molecular-level perceptive of how NPs interact with protein corona once exposed to a physiological environment. In this study, the conformational changes of bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated in detail when exposed to different concentration of titanium dioxide nanoparticle by various techniques. To analyze the effects of NPs on proteins, the interaction between bovine serum albumin and titanium dioxide nanoparticles at different concentrations were investigated.

Bovine serum albumin interacts with silver nanoparticles with a "side-on" or "end on" conformation.

As the nanoparticles (NPs) enter into the biological interface, they have to encounter immediate and first exposure to many proteins of different concentrations. The physicochemical interaction of NPs and proteins is greatly influenced not only by the number and type of proteins; but also the surface chemistry of NPs. To analyze the effects of NPs on proteins, the interaction between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at different concentrations were investigated.

Nanomaterials in food and agriculture: An overview on their safety concerns and regulatory issues.

Nanotechnology has seen exponential growth in last decade due to its unique physicochemical properties; however, the risk associated with this emerging technology has withdrawn ample attention in the past decade. Nanotoxicity is majorly contributed to the small size and large surface area of nanomaterials, which allow easy dispersion and invasion of anatomical barriers in human body. Unique physio-chemical properties of nanoparticles make the investigation of their toxic consequences intricate and challenging.

Microwave-irradiation-assisted hybrid chemical approach for titanium dioxide nanoparticle synthesis: microbial and cytotoxicological evaluation.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNPs) are widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. It is used for protection against UV exposure due to its light-scattering properties and high refractive index. Though TNPs are increasingly used, the synthesis of TNPs is tedious and time consuming; therefore, in the present study, microwave-assisted hybrid chemical approach was used for TNP synthesis.

Thermal co-reduction approach to vary size of silver nanoparticle: its microbial and cellular toxicology.

In recent years, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted considerable interest in the field of food, agriculture and pharmaceuticals mainly due to its antibacterial activity. AgNPs have also been reported to possess toxic behavior. The toxicological behavior of nanomaterials largely depends on its size and shape which ultimately depend on synthetic protocol.

A codoping route to realize low resistive and stable p-type conduction in (Li, Ni):ZnO thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition.

We report on the growth of Li-Ni codoped p-type ZnO thin films using pulsed laser deposition. Two mole percent Li monodoped ZnO film shows highly insulating behavior. However, a spectacular decrease in electrical resistivity, from 3.

Fabrication and characterization of straight and compact S-bend optical waveguides on a silicon-on-insulator platform.

Straight and S-bend rib waveguide structures with a novel design have been fabricated and characterized on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. For a typical straight rib waveguide, the single-mode waveguide at lambda approximately 1550 nm has been verified by measuring the near-field output with an IR camera, and a nearly polarization-independent mode size is found to be approximately 10 microm x 4.5 microm.