Natural Language Processing Approaches for Automated Multilevel and Multiclass Classification of Breast Lesions on Free-Text Cytopathology Reports.

Purpose: The extensive growth and use of electronic health records (EHRs) and extending medical literature have led to huge opportunities to automate the extraction of relevant clinical information that helps in concise and effective clinical decision support. However, processing such information has traditionally been dependent on labor-intensive processes with human errors such as fatigue, oversight, and interobserver variability. Hence, this study aims at the processing of EHRs and performing multilevel and multiclass classification by fetching dominant characteristic features that are sufficient to detect and differentiate various types of breast lesions.

Cytology of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis masquerading as lymphoma in a nonimmunocompromised adult.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a potentially fatal immune disorder which is uncommon in a nonimmunocompromised adult. A 27-year-old female who presented with fever, hematuria, generalized lymphadenopathy was clinically suspected to have lymphoma was subjected to fine needle aspiration of cervical lymph nodes. Cytology of lymph node had numerous histiocytes with phagocytosed lymphocytes, red blood cells and nuclear debris.

Bone marrow examination in pancytopenia.

Pancytopenia is defined by reduction of all the three formed elements of blood below the normal reference. It may be a manifestation of a wide variety of disorders, which primarily or secondarily affect the bone marrow. Haematological investigation forms the bedrock in the management of patients with pancytopenia and therefore needs detailed study.

Manual liquid based cytology in primary screening for cervical cancer--a cost effective preposition for scarce resource settings.

Conventional pap smear (CPS) examination has been the mainstay for early detection of cervical cancer. However, its widespread use has not been possible due to the inherent limitations, like presence of obscuring blood and inflammation, reducing its sensitivity considerably. Automated methods in use in developed countries may not be affordable in the developing countries due to paucity of resources.

Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis--a case report.

Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis is a rare disorder characterised by multiple calcified nodules on the scrotal skin appearing in childhood or early adulthood. The exact aetiology is not known and calcium level in the blood remains normal in all individuals. Since only a few cases have been reported in the literature, a case is reported here with a review of literature.

Evaluation of scoring system in cytological diagnosis and management of breast lesion with review of literature.

Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) breast is generally considered as a rapid, reliable, and safe diagnostic tool to distinguish non-neoplastic from neoplastic breast lesions. Masood's Scoring Index has been proposed to help in sub-grouping of breast lesions so as to help in surgical management.

Aims: To assess the accuracy of Modified Masood's Scoring Index (MMSI) in the diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions in patients with palpable breast lump, and review of literature.

Validity of different cytological grading systems of breast carcinoma--a hospital-based study in South India.

Introduction: With increase in the incidence of breast carcinoma, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has began to play a major role in diagnosing and grading. The study was aimed at validating the different cytological grading systems like Hunt's cytological grading (HCG), modified black grading (MBG), Robinson's cytological grading (RCG) and Masood's cytology index (MCI) in comparison with a modified Bloom-Richardson (MBR) histopathological grading.

Methods And Material: Fifty breast carcinoma cases were prospectively studied by comparing various cytological grading methods with histopathological grading over a period of three years.

Dermatopathic lymphadenitis in HIV.

Dermatopathic lymphadenitis is a rare entity described in patients with Human immunodeficiency virus infection. Here we present a case of dermatopathic lymphadenitis in a 50-year-old female who was HIV positive and did not have any obvious skin lesions. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the lymphnode showed a lymphoproliferative lesion and a subsequent biopsy showed atypical lymphoid proliferation showing prominent T-zone.

Fine-needle aspiration cytology findings in human immunodeficiency virus lymphadenopathy.

Thirty-six human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients with lymphadenopathy were subjected to fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) over a period of 2 years. The maximum number of cases was reported in the age group of 21 to 30 years. Majority of the patients were males.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of adenomatoid tumour--a case report with review of literature.

Adenomatoid tumours are neoplasms of male and female genital tract with the epididymis being the most common site. They also occur in uterus, fallopian tube, and ovary. These benign tumours are asymptomatic or cause mild symptoms and a palpable mass.

Juvenile polyposis with macrocephaly and mental retardation (? Ruvalcava-Myhre-Smith syndrome)--a case report.

A male child aged one and a half years with a history of rectal bleeding, on examination was found to have severe degree of anaemia with grade -III protein-energy-malnutrition and pneumonia. Colonoscopy revealed features of colonic polyposis. An upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy showed a duodenal polyp while barium meal follow-through did not reveal any polyps in the small intestine.