Hypothalamic-Pituitary Adrenal Axis Status 3 Months After Recovery From COVID-19 Infection.

Context: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) predominantly involves the lungs, albeit many other organ systems, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, can be affected due to the expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding receptor. Few studies have reported the involvement of adrenal gland and the HPA axis during the acute phase of COVID-19; however, the data on the long-term effect of COVID-19 on the HPA axis after acute infection is scarce.

Objective: To assess and compare the changes in HPA axis in mild, moderate and severe COVID-19 categories at ≥ 3 months after acute infection.

Phosphate Homeostasis and Disorders of Phosphate Metabolism.

Phosphate is indispensable for human life and evolutionary changes over several millions of years have established tightly regulated mechanisms to ensure phosphate homeostasis. In this process, calcium and phosphate metabolism have come to be intricately linked together. Three hormones (PTH, FGF23 and Calcitriol) maintain the fine balance of calcium and phosphate metabolism through their actions at three sites (the gut, the kidneys and the skeleton).

Pituitary Dysfunction Following Snakebite Envenomation: A Clinico-Radiological Assessment of 15 Cases and Review of the Literature.

Background: Snakebite envenomation (SE) is an important tropical disease in India, causing significant morbidity and mortality among patients. The hormonal deficiencies due to the involvement of the pituitary in case of SE can present in either acute or delayed setting. Hypopituitarism (HP) is often an underrecognized and relatively rarely reported complication of this neglected disease.

Adrenal crisis in a patient with APS2 due to COVID-19: A case report.

COVID-19 (corona virus disease 2019), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread throughout the globe and affected millions of people worldwide. Here, we report a patient with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 who presented with adrenal crisis, precipitated by COVID-19. We intend to highlight the importance of stress dosing in preventing adrenal crisis in patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI).

Effect of Thyroxine Replacement on Leydig Cell and Sertoli Cell Function in Men with Hypothyroidism.

Context: Thyroid hormones play an important role in reproductive and sexual function in both sexes. Comprehensive information on the ill-effects of hypothyroidism on Leydig cell, Sertoli cell and germ cell function is lacking in the existing literature.

Aims: To investigate the effect of primary hypothyroidism and its treatment on testicular function - Sertoli cell, Leydig cells, seminal fluid and spermatozoa.

The Effectiveness of a Brief Psychological Intervention for Patients with Diabetes-Related Distress.

Background: Diabetes-related distress (DRD) is the negative emotional and psychological reaction to living with diabetes mellitus (DM). DRD has been reported to affect glycemic control and self-management practices adversely. Limited research is available on the effectiveness of psychological interventions for DRD.