Effect of Indian Music as an Auditory Stimulus on Physiological Measures of Stress, Anxiety, Cardiovascular and Autonomic Responses in Humans-A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Among the different anthropogenic stimuli humans are exposed to, the psychological and cardiovascular effects of auditory stimuli are less understood. This study aims to explore the possible range of change after a single session of auditory stimulation with three different ‘Modes’ of musical stimuli (MS) on anxiety, biomarkers of stress, and cardiovascular parameters among healthy young individuals. In this randomized control trial, 140 healthy young adults, aged 18−30 years, were randomly assigned to three MS groups (Mode/Raga Miyan ki Todi, Malkauns, and Puriya) and one control group (natural sounds).

Quality of life (QOL) among older persons in an urban and rural area of Bangalore, South India.

Introduction: The increasing ageing population of India has unique challenges due to changing social structure, health issues and inaccessible healthcare facilities. These challenges can adversely affect the quality of life (QOL) of older persons. Hence, this study was undertaken with the objective of assessing the QOL among older persons in an urban and rural area of Bangalore.

Competing Risk Approach (CRA) for Estimation of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY's) for Female Breast Cancer in India.

Background: Competing Risk Approach (CRA) has been used to compute burden of disease in terms of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) based on a life table for an initially disease-free cohort over time.

Objective: To compute Years of Life Lost (YLL) due to premature mortality, Years of life lost due to Disability (YLD), DALYs and loss in expectation of life (LEL) using competing risk approach for female breast cancer patients for the year 2008 in India.

Materials And Methods: The published data on breast cancer by age & sex, incidence & mortality for the year 2006-2008 relating to six population based cancer registries (PBCR) under Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), general mortality rates of 2007 in India, published in national health profile 2010; based on Sample Registration System (SRS) were utilized for computations.

Music versus lifestyle on the autonomic nervous system of prehypertensives and hypertensives--a randomized control trial.

Objectives: Ragas of Indian music are said to be beneficial in normalizing blood pressure (BP). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of passive listening to relaxing raga on the autonomic functions of hypertensives and prehypertensives and provide scientific evidence.

Methods: Ethical clearance was obtained from the institutional review board.

Quantification of Dental Health Care Waste Generated among Private Dental Practices in Bengaluru City.

Background: Bengaluru, in India has more than 1148 practicing dentists for a population of 8.42 million. The amount and type of dental health care waste (DHCW) generated by the dental practitioners has to be assessed prior to chalking out and implementation of an effective DCHW management plan.

Combination of music with lifestyle modification versus lifestyle modification alone on blood pressure reduction - A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To evaluate the change in blood pressure (BP) after 3 months of music intervention combined with lifestyle modifications, in comparison with conventional lifestyle modifications.

Methods: A Prospective randomized control trial was conducted on hundred prehypertensives or stage I hypertensives who were randomly divided into two groups (n = 50 each). Both the groups were given lifestyle modifications while one had added music intervention (raga bhimpalas) for 3 months.

Proportion and factors associated with depressive symptoms among elderly in an urban slum in Bangalore.

Depression among elderly is emerging as an important public health issue in developing countries like India. Published evidence regarding the magnitude and determinants of depression among elderly hailing from urban slum is currently limited. Hence, the current study was conducted to assess magnitude of the problem and identify factors associated with depression among the elderly in an urban slum.

Projection of burden of cancer mortality for India, 2011-2026.

Projection of load of cancer mortality helps in quantifying the burden of cancer and is essential for planning cancer control activities. As per our knowledge, there have not been many attempts to project the cancer mortality burden at the country level in India mainly due to lack of data on cancer mortality at the national and state level. This is an attempt to understand the magnitude of cancer mortality problem for the various calendar years from 2011 to 2026 at 5-yearly intervals.

Projection of cancer incident cases for India -till 2026.

Projection of cancer incidence is essential for planning cancer control actions, health care and allocation of resources. Here we project the cancer burden at the National and State level to understand the magnitude of cancer problem for the various calendar years from 2011 to 2026 at 5-yearly intervals. The age, sex and site-wise cancer incidence data along with populations covered by the registries were obtained from the report of National Cancer Registry Programme published by Indian Council of Medical Research for the period 2001-2004.

Trends in rectal cancer incidence--Indian scenario.

The objective was to analyse time trends of rectal cancer for the Indian population by gender, year of diagnosis, and age. Published data for Indian registries were obtained from "Cancer Incidence in Five Continents" and /or individual Indian registries for different time periods. Mean annual percentage change (MAPC) in incidence rates for seven Indian registries was computed using relative difference between two time periods (earliest and latest) and estimation of annual percentage change (EAPC) was computed for three registries by log-linear regression model using SAS version 8.

Estimation of time trends of incidence of prostate cancer--an Indian scenario.

Background: With increase in life expectancy, adoption of newer lifestyles and screening using prostate specific antigen (PSA), the incidence of prostate cancer is on rise. Globally prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and sixth leading cause of cancer death in men. The present communication makes an attempt to analyze the time trends in incidence for different age groups of the Indian population reported in different Indian registries using relative difference and regression approaches.

Risk of cancer development in India.

Incidence as a measure of risk for development of cancer is a well accepted epidemiological concept which can be precisely defined. The present communication documents an estimate of the current probability of development of cancer for specific age groups as well as for entire life time risk at the India country level for several cancers and 'all sites together'. The published data on age specific cancer incidence rates from 12 population based registries located at various parts of the country along with the abridged life tables relating to the Indian population formed the basic material for computation.

Increase in incidence of cancer of corpus uteri: estimation of time trends - an Indian scenario.

Reports of increasing rates of cancer of the corpus uteri in several countries prompted this analysis of time trends. This study reports the trends in the incidence rate of cancer of the corpus uteri in Indian women. The data published in Cancer Incidence in Five Continents for various Indian registries for different periods and/or publication by the individual registries served as the source material.

Disability adjusted life years for cancer patients in India.

The disability adjusted life year (DALY) has been employed to quantify the burden of diseases. This measure allows for combining in a single indicator "years of life lived with disabilities (YLD)" and "years of life lost from premature death (YLL)" . The present communication attempts to estimate the burden of cancers in-terms of YLL, YLD and DALY for "all sites" and leading sites of cancer in India for the years 2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016.

Changing trends in incidence of ovarian cancer - the Indian scenario.

Ovarian cancer has emerged as one of the most common malignancies affecting women in India. The present communication reports the trends in the incidence rate of ovarian cancer for Indian women. The data published in Cancer Incidence in Five Continents for various Indian registries for different periods and / or publication by the individual registries served as the source material.

Adjuvant intravesical therapy based on an in vitro cytotoxicity assay in the management of superficial transitional cell cancer of the urinary bladder.

Objective: To investigate the utility of an individualized chemo/immunotherapy regimen of intravesical therapy based on the results of an assessment of in vitro cytotoxicity.

Patients And Methods: Intravesical adjuvant chemo/immunotherapy was given to 47 patients based on the results of in vitro cytotoxicity assay of the responses of cultured autologous tumour cells to various cytotoxic drugs (mitomycin-C, doxorubicin and cisplatin) and immunomodulating agents (bacillus Calmette-Guérin, BCG and interferon-alpha2b). Intravesical therapy was given as single- or double-drug regimens according to the assay results: 16 (34%) patients showed cytotoxicity to a single drug and 31 (66%) showed maximum cytotoxicity to a combination of immunomodulators and cytotoxic agents.

Increasing trend of acute hepatitis A in north India: need for identification of high-risk population for vaccination.

Background And Aims: Hepatitis A (HAV) is endemic in India and most of the population is infected asymptomatically in early childhood with lifelong immunity. Because of altered epidemiology and decreasing endemicity, the pattern of acute HAV infection is changing from asymptomatic childhood infection to an increased incidence of symptomatic disease in the 18-40 age group. The aims of the present study were to assess whether the proportion of adults with acute HAV infection has been increasing over the years and to analyze the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-HAV antibodies in young adults above the age of 15 years as well as in cases of chronic liver disease.

Infection of human papillomavirus type 18 and p53 codon 72 polymorphism in lung cancer patients from India.

Study Objectives: Infection with specific high-risk HPV types 16 and 18 and polymorphism of p53 codon 72 has been strongly associated with the genesis of various neoplasms in humans, but such study in lung cancer is limited and the results are controversial. In India, the role of these two factors has been strongly implicated in cervical and other cancers, but the occurrence of HPV or p53 codon 72 polymorphism has not been examined in lung cancer, which is the most common cause of cancer-related death in India.

Design And Patients: A total of 40 tumor biopsy specimens from advanced lung cancer patients and blood samples from 40 matching control subjects were obtained for the analysis of high-risk HPV types 16 and 18 infection and p53 codon 72 polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction.

Trends in cervical cancer incidence--Indian scenario.

Cancer of the uterine cervix is the second most common cancer among women in the world after breast cancer. It is the most common cancer among Indian women. The present communication reports the trends in the incidence rate of cervical cancer for the Indian population.

Clinico-morphological patterns of breast cancer including family history in a New Delhi hospital, India--a cross-sectional study.

Background: Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy among women, next to cervix cancer. Understanding its pathogenesis, morphological features and various risk-factors, including family history holds a great promise for the treatment, early detection and prevention of this cancer.

Patients And Methods: In an attempt to evaluate the clinico-morphological patterns of breast cancer patients, including their family history of breast and/or other cancers, a detailed analysis of 569 breast cancer cases diagnosed during the years 1989-2003 was carried out.

Norfloxacin and cisapride combination decreases the incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic ascites.

Background: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a serious complication of cirrhosis with ascites, having high recurrence despite antibiotic prophylaxis. Small bowel dysmotility and bacterial overgrowth have been documented to be related to SBP. The purpose of the present paper was (i) to study whether addition of a prokinetic agent to norfloxacin ameliorates the development of SBP in high-risk patients; and (ii) to identify risk factors for SBP development.

A prospective, partially randomized study of pregnancy outcomes and hematologic responses to oral and intramuscular iron treatment in moderately anemic pregnant women.

Background: Daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy fails to reduce the prevalence of anemia. However, 2 or 3 intramuscular doses of iron given at monthly intervals were recently found to be effective.

Objective: We compared the safety and efficacy in treating pregnancy anemia of 3 intramuscular doses of iron given at monthly intervals with those of daily oral iron supplementation.

Effect of dietary habits on prevalence of anemia in pregnant women of Delhi.

Aim: To see the effect of various dietary habits, such as a vegetarian diet or various types of meat, on the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women.

Methods: A study was carried out in Delhi to determine the effect of different dietary habits on prevalence of anemia during pregnancy by questioning the women during pregnancy regarding their dietary habits (vegetarian diet, jhatka or halal meat) and assessing their hemoglobin levels. The data was compiled and chi2 test was employed for understanding the associations between the effect of food habits on prevalence of anemia.