Comparison of master two-step exercise stress test versus six-min walk test in patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2.

Background And Aim: There has been a lack of uniformity on how to triage coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients visiting the emergency units of hospitals. Triage tools are themselves spreading the pandemic in hospital areas. The present study compared a master two-step (M2ST) exercise stress test versus a 6-min walk test (6MWT) in COVID-19-positive patients visiting the emergency unit of a hospital.

Essential oil nebulization in mild COVID-19(EONCO): Early phase exploratory clinical trial.

Background: Medications studied for therapeutic benefits in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have produced inconclusive efficacy results except for steroids.

Objective: A prospective randomized open-label, parallel-arm Phase I/II clinical trial was planned to compare essential oil (EO) blend versus placebo nebulization in mild COVID-19.

Methods: A Phase I safety evaluation was carried out in a single ascending and multiple ascending dose study designs.

Single ascending dose safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic study of econazole in healthy volunteers.

Introduction: Econazole has been found efficacious as antitubercular in in vitro and in vivo animal studies. However, limited information is available for its safety and pharmacokinetics in humans. In our present study we have conducted single ascending dose, safety, and pharmacokinetic evaluation in healthy human volunteers with the purpose of enabling translation for tuberculosis.

A randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy, tolerability, and cost of oral iron preparations in iron-deficiency anemia in pregnancy.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, and cost of four commonly prescribed oral iron preparations: ferrous sulfate (FS), ferrous fumarate (FF), ferrous ascorbate (FA), and carbonyl iron (CI) in the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) in pregnant women.

Methods: It was a prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded endpoint (PROBE) design with four parallel active control groups: FS, FF, FA, CI. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants becoming non-anemic (Hb ≥ 11 g%) at the end of the study period.

Assessment of Appropriateness of Antimicrobial Therapy in Resource-Constrained Settings: Development and Piloting of a Novel Tool-AmRAT.

Inappropriate antimicrobial prescribing is considered to be the leading cause of high burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in resource-constrained lower- and middle-income countries. Under its global action plan, the World Health Organization has envisaged tackling the AMR threat through promotion of rational antibiotic use among prescribers. Given the lack of consensus definitions and other associated challenges, we sought to devise and validate an Antimicrobial Rationality Assessment Tool-AmRAT-for standardizing the assessment of appropriateness of antimicrobial prescribing.

Corrigendum to "Kaempferol Attenuates Myocardial Ischemic Injury via Inhibition of MAPK Signaling Pathway in Experimental Model of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2016/7580731.].

Meta-analysis of cardiovascular superiority trials published in the to elucidate the concept of superiority margin.

Objective: To show that overpowered trials claim statistical significance detouring clinical relevance and warrant the need of superiority margin to avoid such misinterpretation.

Design: Selective review of articles published in the between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2018 and meta-analysis following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist.

Eligibility Criteria For Selecting Studies And Methods: Published superiority trials evaluating cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus with positive efficacy outcome were eligible.

Corrigendum: Seabuckthorn Pulp Oil Protects against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats through Activation of Akt/eNOS.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.

Metformin alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats: Pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms.

Background: Metformin, a commonly used oral antidiabetic agent, is known to possess pleiotropic antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. In this study, we evaluated the effect of metformin on pulmonary fibrosis and the mechanism underlying its effect.

Methods: Pulmonary fibrosis was induced experimentally with bleomycin (0.

Kampeferol protects against oxidative stress and apoptotic damage in experimental model of isoproterenol-induced cardiac toxicity in rats.

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) continues to be associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide despite the availability of current therapeutic modalities. Kaempferol (KMP), a dietary flavonoid, possesses good antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anti-apoptotic properties and has been evaluated in the present study for its role in mitigating myocardial injury following MI.

Purpose: In this study, the ability of KMP to protect heart against isoproterenol (ISO) induced oxidative stress and myocardial infarction was evaluated.

Seabuckthorn Pulp Oil Protects against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats through Activation of Akt/eNOS.

Seabuckthorn (SBT) pulp oil obtained from the fruits of seabuckthorn [Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Elaeagnaceae)] has been used traditionally for its medicinal and nutritional properties. However, its role in ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury of myocardium in rats has not been elucidated so far.

Molecular mechanisms underlying attenuation of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by epicatechin gallate.

Cisplatin, a platinum compound, is used as a first-line agent against various forms of solid cancers. Nephrotoxicity is an important adverse effect of cisplatin therapy, which involves increased oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. It is well known that the bioactive compounds present in green tea are used to treat various disorders due to their biological activities.

Kaempferol Attenuates Myocardial Ischemic Injury via Inhibition of MAPK Signaling Pathway in Experimental Model of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Kaempferol (KMP), a dietary flavonoid, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. Hence, we investigated the effect of KMP in ischemia-reperfusion (IR) model of myocardial injury in rats. We studied male albino Wistar rats that were divided into sham, IR-control, KMP-20 + IR, and KMP 20 per se groups.

Mangiferin protect myocardial insults through modulation of MAPK/TGF-β pathways.

Mangiferin, a xanthone glycoside isolated from leaves of Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae) is known to modulate many biological targets in inflammation and oxidative stress. The present study was designed to investigate whether mangiferin exerts protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and possible role of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPKs) and Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) pathways in its cardioprotection. Male albino Wistar rats were treated with mangiferin (40 mg/kg, i.

Nobiletin ameliorates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury due to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.

Cisplatin is an effective anti-cancer drug which causes remarkable toxicity to kidney by generating reactive oxygen species and by stimulating inflammatory and apoptotic pathway. Citrus flavonoid, like nobiletin has been reported to possess anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Hence, the present study was aimed to evaluate these properties of nobiletin, a polymethoxy flavone in cisplatin-induced acute renal injury.

Telmisartan ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by inhibiting MAPK mediated inflammation and apoptosis.

Nephrotoxicity is a major adverse effect of the widely used anticancer drug cisplatin. Oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis are implicated in the pathophysiology of cisplatin-induced acute renal injury. Moreover, cisplatin activates many signal transduction pathways involved in cell injury and death, particularly mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway.

Canagliflozin-current status in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with focus on clinical trial data.

Canagliflozin (CFZ) is a member of new class of glucose lowering agents, sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT) inhibitors, which got approval by food and drug administration. It has insulin independent action by blocking the transporter protein SGLT2 in the kidneys, resulting in urinary glucose excretion and reduction in blood glucose levels. In clinical trials, CFZ significantly decreased HbA1c level when administered either as monotherapy or as combined therapy with other anti-diabetic drugs.