Targeting the osteoclastogenic cytokine IL-9 as a novel immunotherapeutic strategy in mitigating inflammatory bone loss in post-menopausal osteoporosis.

Recent discoveries have established the pivotal role of IL-9-secreting immune cells in a wide spectrum of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, little is known about how IL-9 contributes to the etiology of inflammatory bone loss in PMO. We observed that IL-9 has a pathological impact on inflammatory bone loss in ovariectomized (Ovx) mice.

Lipid Nanoparticles for Brain Tumor Theranostics: Challenges and Status.

Lipid nanoparticles have been recognized as a powerful weapon for delivering various imaging and therapeutic agents to the localized solid tumors, especially brain tumors individually or in combination. Promisingly, lipid-based nanosystems have been considered as safe delivery systems which are even approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). One recent spotlight of lipid nanoparticles as COVID-19 mRNA vaccines where lipid nanoparticles play an important role in effectively protecting and delivering mRNA to the desired cells.

Ultra-Early and Short-Term Tranexamic Acid Treatment in Patients With Good- and Poor-Grade Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background And Objectives: The results of the ULTRA trial showed that ultra-early and short-term treatment with tranexamic acid (TXA) does not improve clinical outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Possibly, the lack of a beneficial effect in all patients with aSAH is masked by antagonistic effects of TXA in certain subgroups. In this post hoc subgroup analysis, we investigated the effect of TXA on clinical outcome in patients with good-grade and poor-grade aSAH.

Enteral feeding in neonates ≥34 weeks of gestation with moderate to severe birth asphyxia: A retrospective observational study.

There are no standard guidelines regarding time for initiation of feeds in moderate to severely asphyxiated neonates and data regarding the same in neonates are scanty. Case sheets of all neonates born ≥34 weeks of gestation who satisfied the definition were analysed. The early feeding group was defined as those in whomh feeds were started <24 h and the late feeding group as those started ≥24 h of life.

A cross talk study on sitagliptin mediated reclamation on TGF β signalling, DPP 4, miR-29a and miR-24 expression in PCOS rats fed with high fat-high fructose diet.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial reproductive, endocrine and metabolic disturbance which is very commonly observed in females of reproductive age group. The disease is still incurable however the use of synthetic drugs in combination with lifestyle is recommended. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to investigate the possible beneficial effects of sitagliptin on PCOS induced rats on control diet (CD)/high fat- high fructose diet (HFFD).

Validity of the modified Rankin Scale in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a randomized study.

Purpose: The modified Rankin Scale (mRS), a clinician-reported outcome measure of global disability, has never been validated in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The aims of this study are to assess: (1) convergent validity of the mRS; (2) responsiveness of the mRS; and (3) the distribution of mRS scores across patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Methods: This is a prospective randomized multicenter study.

Transcriptional changes during isoproterenol-induced cardiac fibrosis in mice.

β-adrenergic stimulation using β-agonists such as isoproterenol has been routinely used to induce cardiac fibrosis in experimental animal models. Although transcriptome changes in surgical models of cardiac fibrosis such as transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and coronary artery ligation (CAL) are well-studied, transcriptional changes during isoproterenol-induced cardiac fibrosis are not well-explored. Cardiac fibrosis was induced in male C57BL6 mice by administration of isoproterenol for 4, 8, or 11 days at 50 mg/kg/day dose.

Neonatal Meningitis Secondary to Infection.

Introduction: , a rare cause of sepsis and meningitis in neonates, often associated with a wide spectrum of clinical presentation. The objective of the study was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of neonates, who developed meningitis secondary to infection at a tertiary care Neonatal unit in India.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the neonatal unit of a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi.

Potential of Curcumin nanoemulsion as antimicrobial and wound healing agent in burn wound infection.

The review article concentrates on the potential uses of curcumin nanoemulsion in treatment and management of burn wound. Poor solubility and low bioavailability of curcumin limits the efficient and effective use of curcumin in management of bacterial infection related to burn wound. Nano particle based drug delivery system can be of great aid to solve this problem.

Tranexamic Acid After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Post Hoc Analysis of the ULTRA Trial.

Background And Objectives: The ULTRA trial showed that ultra-early and short-term tranexamic acid treatment after subarachnoid hemorrhage did not improve clinical outcome at 6 months. An expected proportion of the included patients experienced nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. In this post hoc study, we will investigate whether ultra-early and short-term tranexamic acid treatment in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage improves clinical outcome at 6 months.

Coexisting Cystic Lesions with Right-Sided Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in a Neonate.

Diaphragmatic defects involving the right side of the diaphragm are less common but represent a distinct entity. The clinical presentation, management, and prognosis differ significantly from a left-sided defect. We report a case of a term neonate who was diagnosed to have a congenital diaphragmatic hernia during the third trimester of pregnancy, operated at 36 h of life and subsequently found to have an associated mediastinal cyst in 1 week of life.

Clinical presentation and outcome of children with hydatid disease: a retrospective cross-sectional study from a tertiary care hospital in eastern India.

Clinical presentation of echinococcosis in paediatric population is varied and depends on the site of involvement. The present study was planned to analyse the clinical presentations and therapeutic options for management of echinococcosis in children admitted to a tertiary care hospital. Medical records of children with echinococcosis was reviewed retrospectively over a period of 3 year and 6 months.

Effectiveness of an Annular Closure Device to Prevent Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Secondary Analysis With 5 Years of Follow-up.

Importance: Patients with large annular defects following lumbar microdiscectomy for disc herniation are at increased risk for symptomatic recurrence and reoperation.

Objective: To determine whether a bone-anchored annular closure device in addition to lumbar microdiscectomy resulted in lower reherniation and reoperation rates vs lumbar microdiscectomy alone.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized clinical trial reports 5-year follow-up for enrolled patients between December 2010 and October 2014 at 21 clinical sites.

Inter-method reliability of the modified Rankin Scale in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background And Objectives: The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is one of the most frequently used outcome measures in trials in patients with an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The assessment method of the mRS is often not clearly described in trials, while the method used might influence the mRS score. The aim of this study is to evaluate the inter-method reliability of different assessment methods of the mRS.

Determining the Borderline Anatomical Parameters for Better Functional Outcome of Colles Fracture: A Prospective Study.

 The treatment of Colles fracture can deform the wrist. Some studies claim the resulting deformity rarely hinders daily activities, whereas others report the opposite; thus, anatomical reduction is desirable. Our objective was to analyze the anatomical and functional results of Colles fracture to find out the values of individual parameters corresponding to the best functional outcome.

Vascularised fibular graft in the management of non-union of fracture shaft of radius: a less ventured entity.

Introduction: Non-union of the radius and ulna is a major complication of forearm fractures, accounting upto 10% of all forearm fractures. Multiple modalities are available for the treatment of non-union. Vascular grafts are a less sought-after surgical choice owing to the need of expertise and skills of surgeons.

Assessment of Postnatal Corticosteroids for the Prevention of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Neonates: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.

Importance: The safety of postnatal corticosteroids used for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm neonates is a controversial matter, and a risk-benefit balance needs to be struck.

Objective: To evaluate 14 corticosteroid regimens used to prevent BPD: moderately early-initiated, low cumulative dose of systemic dexamethasone (MoLdDX); moderately early-initiated, medium cumulative dose of systemic dexamethasone (MoMdDX); moderately early-initiated, high cumulative dose of systemic dexamethasone (MoHdDX); late-initiated, low cumulative dose of systemic dexamethasone (LaLdDX); late-initiated, medium cumulative dose of systemic dexamethasone (LaMdDX); late-initiated, high cumulative dose of systemic dexamethasone (LaHdDX); early-initiated systemic hydrocortisone (EHC); late-initiated systemic hydrocortisone (LHC); early-initiated inhaled budesonide (EIBUD); early-initiated inhaled beclomethasone (EIBEC); early-initiated inhaled fluticasone (EIFLUT); late-initiated inhaled budesonide (LIBUD); late-initiated inhaled beclomethasone (LIBEC); and intratracheal budesonide (ITBUD).

Data Sources: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Embase, World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), and CINAHL were searched from inception through August 25, 2020.

COVID-19 lockdowns induced land surface temperature variability in mega urban agglomerations in India.

The COVID-19 pandemic forced a nationwide lockdown in India for months when close to 1.3 billion people were confined to their homes. An abrupt halt in the majority of the urban activities reduced the generation of anthropogenic heat which often exacerbates the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect in the urban pockets of the country.